Background
The presence and activity of protamine sulfate may trigger the activation and inflammatory response of the host immune system. These immune responses can lead to the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and interleukins, which can lead to cystitis.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Sprague-Dawley female &bull
Administration: 10 mg/mL irrigation in the urinary bladder once
Note
(1) 10 mg/ml protamine sulfate was injected into the rat bladder, and 2 mg/ml LPS was injected 30 minutes later
(2) 5 days later, the experimental animals were put to death under anesthesia, and the bladder was removed for observation.
Modeling Indicators
Physiological indicators: The turbidity, urine volume and the number of red blood cells in the urine of rats were detected.
Molecular changes: The levels of biomarkers IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB in bladder tissues were detected.
Histological analysis: Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to detect the number of mast cells in the bladder of rats.
Correlated Product(s): LPS (HY-D1056)
Opposite Product(s): /
