Calcium pyruvate

Calcium pyruvate is the calcium salt of pyruvate. It is very stable. It appears as white crystalline powder and is odorless and almost neutral. It is slightly soluble in water. Pyruvate, however, is extremely unstable and is easily to be oxidized with weak oxidant Fe and H2O2 being able to oxidize the pyruvate into acetate and release the carbon dioxide at the same time. Pyruvate is the intermediate product during the in vivo carbohydrate metabolism in the body of the organisms as well as the indispensable transit point for both protein and lipid metabolism to go through. In natural environment, it is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It has a boiling point of 165 ℃ (decomposition). It is easily soluble in water, in addition to having the typical properties of both hydroxy acids and ketones, it also has the characteristics of a-keto acid. Pyruvate is the simplest a-keto acid (belonging hydroxy acid).
Calcium pyruvate, currently, can only be chemically synthesized in China with the product being all industrial raw materials grade of calcium pyruvate. The resulted calcium pyruvate is a racemate (that is, the amount of left-handed calcium pyruvate and right handed calcium pyruvate equals to each other) while only the L-pyruvate can be absorbed by the human body. Currently the majority of the pyruvate products in the field of medicine and weight loss in China need to be imported from abroad. The production technology of Japan in this area is in the leading place and is capable of producing L-configuration of pyruvate products through bio-fermentation method.
It can be used as the pharmaceutical raw materials and food additives. Calcium pyruvate, as a dietary supplement, have various kinds of efficacy including accelerating fat consumption, boosting weight loss, enhancing the human endurance and improve the athletic performance and so on; it also has special protective effect on the heart and can enhance the effectiveness of the heart muscle, reducing the damage caused by heart disease or cardiac ischemia; at the same time, calcium pyruvate also has significant efficacy in engulfing free radicals and inhibiting the formation of free radicals.
Calcium pyruvate is also calcium nutritional supplements. Although the calcium content is less than 20%, but after entering into the human body, unlike other calcium ion products, it will not increase the burden on the liver and kidney and result in side effects. Pyruvate ions can enter into the cell and participate in the metabolism of organic which can promote weight loss without affecting protein storage.

Pyruvic acid is a component of the human body and mainly participates in the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid inside the human body. It is also one of the intermediate products of carbohydrate metabolism.
Pyruvic acid and its generated salt have a wide range of application in the medical field. They can be applied to the production of sedative, antioxidant, antiviral reagents as well as the synthesis of drugs for treatment of hypertension and so on.
Pyruvic acid is also known as acetyl formic acid, coking grape acid, and 2-oxo acid. It appears as light yellow to yellow transparent liquid with acetic acid smell and sour taste. Its natural materials can be found in mint and sugar fermentation broth. It has a relative molecular mass of 88.06, the relative density of 1.2271, the melting point of 13.8 ℃, the boiling point of 165 ℃ (decomposition), 106.5 ℃ (13.332 × 103Pa), 85.3 ℃ (5.333 × 103 Pa), 70.8 ℃ (2.666 × 103Pa), 57.9 ℃ (1.333 × 103 Pa), 45.8 ℃ (0.667 × 103Pa), 21.4 ℃ (0.133 × 103 Pa). It has the flash point of 82 ℃ and the refractive index of 1.4280. It can be miscible with water, alcohol, ether and the like. Its color will be darkened in the air. It will undergo slow polymerization when being heated and is rich in having reactions biochemical such as easily having reaction with nitride, aldehydes, halides and phosphide, participating in the carbohydrate metabolism as well as the biochemical synthesis, metabolism of pectin, amino acids and proteins, and also alcohol fermentation. Upon force, it will be reduced in the muscle to become lactic acid with further oxidation at rest and being partially converted into glycogen. Rat-oral has a LD50 of 2100mg/kg.
Application: it can be applied to pharmaceutical synthesis as well as synthesis of amino acids (L-tyrosine substrate), etc. for improving the efficiency, particularly being applied to the pharmaceutical industries for shortening the process and streamlining the processes. For example, the 2-benzyl-cinchoninic acid generate from this product, is an anti-inflammatory, diuretic drug. Through using this product as the raw material, it can greatly reduce the production costs; in addition, it can also be applied to the synthesis of anti-TB drugs, isoniazid calcium pyruvate and hormones as well as the raw material of Pyrunium pamote; it also be used in agricultural chemicals; taking pyruvate, indole and ammonia as raw materials for biochemical reactions can be used for producing tryptophan; this product can also be used for the production of monosidum glutamate as well as for the improvement of L-threonine. It can be also used as food flavors as allowed by the provision of China's GB2760-1996.
Method:
1, Use lactic acid esters as the raw material for gaseous or liquid phase oxidation to obtain the acetone ester with further hydrolysis to get the final product.
2, take tartaric acid as raw material, to which potassium hydrogen sulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfate were added, heat to 210~220 ℃, perform dehydrogenation reaction and obtain the pyruvate crude product with being refined by vacuum distillation.
3, Take 2, 2-dichloro-propionic acid as raw materials, use sodium hydroxide for adjusting pH at around 6 for hydrolysis to obtain the final product.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.

Calcium pyruvate, after entering into the body, was first displaced by the gastric secreted hydrochloric acid to become weak organic acid-pyruvate (molecular weight 88) which can easily penetrate through the cell membrane and get into the cell. It then gets into the energy plants of the cell-mitochondria via osmosis effect, further oxidizing and burning the shipped fatty acids (primarily long-chain) for generating energy. The macroscopic manifestation of the body includes fat reduction and weight loss. The scientific test results from the medical center of University of Pittsburgh are of great surprise; calcium pyruvate can increase at least 48% fat consumption. The researchers of the institution asked the volunteers of this drug for daily supplement of calcium pyruvate together with uptake of fatty food. Then the plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) had respectively decreased by 4% and 5% while those who only eat high-fat foods without eating calcium pyruvate have their plasma cholesterol remained unchanged; after six weeks of receiving calcium pyruvate feeding, the heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate/blood pressure had decreased by 9%, 6% and 12%, respectively. The MD, Ronald· Stan from the medical research center of the University of Pittsburgh said that it exactly manipulate the fat metabolism through the participation in fat oxidation. Thus, calcium pyruvate has significant effect in weight loss and fat removal. Currently there are two kinds of domestic health food of it appeared.

It can be used as the raw materials of medicine and food additives.