Guanosine is a purine nucleoside, in which the guanine attached to the C1 carbon of a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Its phosphorylated derivatives include GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate), and GTP (guanosine triphosphate). These guanosine derivatives are very important in various biochemical processes, such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and intracellular signal transduction.
Guanosine is thought to have neuroprotective properties. It can reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, as well as exerting trophic effects in neuronal and glial cells. It is shown to be protective in central nervous system diseases including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, nociception, and depression. Guanosine is found to be associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
L. E. B. Bettio, J. Gil-Mohapel, A. L. S. Rodrigues, Guanosine and its role in neurophathologies, Purinergic Signal, 2016, vol. 12, pp. 411-426
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside that is comprised of the purine base guanine attached to a ribose moiety. Mono-, di-, tri-, and cyclic monophosphorylated forms of guanosine (GMP, GDP, GTP, and cGMP, respectively) are essential for a variety of endogenous biochemical processes, such as signal transduction, metabolism, and RNA synthesis.
White, crystalline powder; odorless;
mild saline taste. Very slightly soluble in cold water; soluble in boiling
water, dilute mineral acids, hot acetic acid, and
dilute bases; insoluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform,
and benzene.
Guanosine has been used:
- as a reference standard for the analysis of glucosinolates by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS)
- as a component of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) culture
- as a standard for the detection of residual RNA contaminant in oil palm plant genome samples by HPLC
Guanosine is used as a constituent of nucleic acids. It is used in metallic paints, simulated pearls,plastics,cosmetics industry etc,. It has been also used in pharmacokinetics as a prodrug. Guanosine is used in cell culture applications as a precursor of GMP.
A NUCLEOSIDE present in DNA
and RNA and consisting of guanine linked
to D-ribose via a β-glycosidic bond.
ChEBI: A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond.
Guanosine is an aromatic organic molecule and a purine nucleoside. It is present in the cerebrospinal fluid, intestinal cells, blood-brain barrier and in brain microvessels.
Guanosine nucleoside elicits cellular effect as the guanine-based purinergic system. It modulates glutamate uptake by glutamate transporters. It may have neuroprotective functionality in central nervous system disorders. Guanosine promotes neurite arborization, outgrowth, proliferation and differentiation. Administration of guanosine replenished GTP and elicits protective function in renal ischemic injury.
It crystallises from water as a dihydrate. Dry it at 110o.[Beilstein 26/18 V 81.]
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10.1093/ajcn/25.10.1010[3] NEER E J. G proteins: critical control points for transmembrane signals.[J]. Protein Science, 1994, 3 1: 3-14. DOI:
10.1002/pro.5560030102[4] T OHTA R E T S Sarkar. The role of guanosine 5’-triphosphate in the initiation of peptide synthesis. 3. Binding of formylmethionyl-tRNA to ribosomes.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1967, 58 4: 1638-1644. DOI:
10.1073/pnas.58.4.1638
