ジエチルエーテル (無水)

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H224：極めて引火性の高い液体および蒸気

  H302：飲み込むと有害

  H336：眠気やめまいのおそれ

• 注意書き

  P210：熱/火花/裸火/高温のもののような着火源から遠ざ けること。－禁煙。

  P233：容器を密閉しておくこと。

  P240：容器を接地すること/アースをとること。

  P241：防爆型の電気機器/換気装置/照明機器/．．．機器を使 用すること。

  P301+P312：飲み込んだ場合：気分が悪い時は医師に連絡する こと。

  P403+P233：換気の良い場所で保管すること。容器を密閉 しておくこと。

ジエチルエーテル (無水) 価格

ジエチルエーテル (無水) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 外観

  無色澄明の液体ハーゼン10以下

• 溶解性

  水に難溶, アルコール, アセトンと混和。エタノールに極めて溶けやすく、水にやや溶けやすい。

• 解説

  エーテル，エチルエーテルの通称。 (2) 2個の炭化水素残基 R ，R' が酸素原子に結合した R－O－R' の形をとる化合物の総称。 R ，R' が同じものを単一エーテル，異なるものを混成エーテルという。たとえば R と R' が C2H5 のエチルエーテルは単一エーテル，R が C6H5 ，R' が CH3 のフェニルメチルエーテル (アニソール ) は混成エーテルである。脂肪族エーテルは天然には存在せず，アルコールから合成する。芳香族エーテルは植物中に存在する。一般にエーテルは快香のある無色の液体であるが，分子量の大きいものは結晶となる。水にはあまり溶けないが，有機溶媒にはよく溶ける。多くの有機試薬，アルカリに対しては安定であるが，濃硫酸，ヨウ化水素などにより分解される。

• 用途

  生体試料中等のダイオキシン類の分折における溶媒。

• 用途

  有機合成原料、溶剤。

• 用途

  汎用試薬、高純度を要する低沸点溶剤等。

• 用途

  フェノール系化合物の混入禁忌の分析又は有機合成用溶媒。

• 用途

  紫外吸収、蛍光分析用溶媒。

• 用途

  環境ホルモンの分析用溶剤。

• 用途

  精密分析、超高純度溶剤としての個人専用試薬。

• 用途

  有機溶剤、酢酸凝縮剤、麻酔剤

• 効能

  吸入麻酔薬

• 使用上の注意

  空気に触れると過酸化物を生成しやすく、光又は熱によって更に促進される。

• 存在

  古代ギリシア時代から 20 世紀初頭までの間に想定されていた全世界を満たす1種の物質。古代ギリシアの哲学者アリストテレスは地水火風に加えてエーテルを第5の元素とし，天体の構成要素とした。近代では全宇宙を満たす希薄な物質とされ，ニュートン力学ではエーテルに対し静止する絶対空間の存在が前提とされた。また光や電磁波の媒質とも考えられた。 19世紀末，マイケルソン＝モーリーの実験でエーテルに対する地球の運動は見出されなかった。この結果からローレンツ収縮の仮説を経て，ついに 1905年 A.アインシュタインが特殊相対性理論を提唱し，エーテルの存在は否定された。

• 説明

  Diethyl ether is a component of starting fluids and is used as a solvent in the manufacture of synthetic dyes and plastics. Because of its characteristics, diethyl ether was widely used in many countries as an anesthetic agent, but was then replaced by other substances in the 1960s.

• 化学的特性

  Ether, (C2H5)2,also known as ethyl ether, is a colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent,a denaturant, and as an anesthetic in medicine. lt is an organic compound in which two hydrocarbon radicals are joined by an atom of oxygen.

• 物理的性質

  Colorless, hygroscopic, volatile liquid with a sweet, pungent odor. Odor threshold concentration is 330 ppb (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).

• 来歴

  Ether was supposedly discovered by Raymundus Lullus (1232–1315) around 1275, although there is no extant evidence of this in his writings. The discoverer of ether is often credited to the German physician and botanist Valerius Cordus (1515–1554), who gave the first description of the preparation of ether in the mid-16th century. Cordus called the substance oleum vitrioli dulce, which is translated as sweet oil of vitriol. Cordus used sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol) to catalyze the conversion of alcohol to ether. At approximately the same time Paracelsus (1493–1541), a Swiss physician who is also cited as a discoverer of ether, observed that chickens were safely put to sleep by breathing vapors from sweet oil of vitriol. In 1730, August Siegmund Frobenius changed the name of sweet vitriol to ether.

• 使用

  Diethyl ether has been used extensively as a general anesthetic.

• 調製方法

  Ether is produced by the dehydration of ethanol using sulfuric acid: 2CH₃CH₂OH +2H₂SO₄ → (CH₃CH₂)₂O + H₂SO₄ + H₂O.the temperature of the reaction is carriedout at about 140°C to control for unwanted products.the volatile ether is distilled from themixture. Ether can also be prepared by Williamson synthesis. In this reaction, ethanol reactswith sodium to form sodium ethanolate (Na+C₂H₅O?). Sodium ethanolate then reacts withchloroethane to form ether and sodium chloride: Na+C₂H₅O? +C₂H₅Cl → C₂H₅OC₂H₅ +NaCl. Ether is also produced as a by-product in the production of ethanol.

• 定義

  diethyl ether: A colourless flammablevolatile ether, C2H5OC2H5; r.d. 0.71;m.p. –116°C; b.p. 34.5°C. It can bemade by Williamson’s synthesis. Itis an anaesthetic and useful organicsolvent.

• 一般的な説明

  A clear colorless liquid with an anesthetic odor. Flash point -49°F. Less dense than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.

• 空気と水の反応

  Highly flammable. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154, 164]. A mixture of liquid air and Diethyl ether exploded spontaneously, [MCA Case History 616(1960)].

• 反応プロフィール

  Occasional explosions have occurred when aluminum hydride was stored in ether. The explosions have been blamed on the presence of carbon dioxide impurity in the ether, [J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 70:877(1948)]. Diethyl ether and chromium trioxide react violently at room temperature. Solid acetyl peroxide in contact with ether or any volatile solvent may explode violently. A 5-gram portion in ether detonated while being carried, [Chem. Eng. News 27:175(1949)]. Nitrosyl perchlorate ignites and explodes with Diethyl ether. A mixture of ether and ozone forms aldehyde and acetic acid and a heavy liquid, ethyl peroxide, an explosive, [Mellor 1:911(1946-1947)].

• 危険性

  CNS depressant by inhalation and skin absorption. Very flammable, severe fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Forms explosive peroxides. Explosive limits in air 1.85– 48%.

• 健康ハザード

  The acute toxicity of diethyl ether is low. Inhalation of high concentrations can cause sedation, unconsciousness, and respiratory paralysis. These effects are usually reversible upon cessation of exposure. Diethyl ether is mildly irritating to the eyes and skin, but does not generally cause irreversible damage. Repeated contact can cause dryness and cracking of the skin due to removal of skin oils. The liquid is not readily absorbed through the skin, in part because of its high volatility. Diethyl ether is slightly toxic by ingestion. Diethyl ether is regarded as having adequate warning properties. There is no evidence for carcinogenicity of diethyl ether, and no reproductive effects have been reported. Chronic exposure to diethyl ether vapor may lead to loss of appetite, exhaustion, drowsiness, dizziness, and other central nervous system effects.

• 火災危険

  Diethyl ether is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 4) and is one of the most dangerous fire hazards commonly encountered in the laboratory, owing to its volatility and extremely low ignition temperature. Ether vapor may be ignited by hot surfaces such as hot plates and static electricity discharges, and since the vapor is heavier than air, it may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back. Ether vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.9 to 36% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ether fires. Diethyl ether forms unstable peroxides on exposure to air in a reaction that is promoted by light; the presence of these peroxides may lead to explosive residues upon distillation.

• 燃焼性と爆発性

  Diethyl ether is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 4) and is one of the most dangerous fire hazards commonly encountered in the laboratory, owing to its volatility and extremely low ignition temperature. Ether vapor may be ignited by hot surfaces such as hot plates and static electricity discharges, and since the vapor is heavier than air, it may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back. Ether vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.9 to 36% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ether fires. Diethyl ether forms unstable peroxides on exposure to air in a reaction that is promoted by light; the presence of these peroxides may lead to explosive residues upon distillation.

• 化学反応性

  Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

• 工業用途

  Diethyl ether as a commercial product is available in several grades and is used as an extraction solvent, reaction solvent, and as a general anesthetic. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for alkaloids, dyes, fats, gums, oils, resins, and waxes. Blends of ethyl ether and ethanol are excellent solvents for cellulose nitrate used in the manufacture of guncotton, in collodion solutions and pyroxylin plastics. Ethyl ether is used in the recovery of acetic acid from aqueous solutions in the cellulose acetate and plastic industry. It is used as a starter fuel for diesel engines and as a denaturant in denatured ethanol formulations. Grignard and Wurtz-Fillig synthesis reactions use diethyl ether as an anhydrous, inert reaction medium.

• 職業ばく露

  Ethyl ether is used as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, dyes, gums, resins, nitrocellulose, hydrocarbons, raw rubber, and smokeless powder. It is also used as an inhalation anesthetic; a refrigerant; in diesel fuels; in dry cleaning; as an extractant; and as a chemical reagent for various organic reactions

• 環境運命予測

  Photolytic. The rate constant for the reaction of ethyl ether and OH radicals in the atmosphere at 300 K is 5.4 x 10^-12 cm³/molecule?sec (Hendry and Kenley, 1979).
  Chemical/Physical. The atmospheric oxidation of ethyl ether by OH radicals in the presence of nitric oxide yielded ethyl formate as the major product. Minor products included formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. In the absence of nitric oxide, the products were ethyl formate and acetaldehyde (Wallington and Japar, 1991).
  Ethyl ether will not hydrolyze (Kollig, 1993).

• 貯蔵

  ether should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates, incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers. Because of the tendency of diethyl ether to form peroxides on contact with air, containers should be dated upon receipt and at the time they are opened. Diethyl ether is generally supplied with additives that inhibit peroxide formation; distillation removes these inhibitors and renders the liquid more prone to peroxide formation. Material found to contain peroxides should be treated to destroy the peroxides before use or disposed of properly.

• 輸送方法

  UN1155 Diethyl ether or Ethyl ether, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

• 合成方法

  加熱された濃硫酸にエタノールを添加することにより製造される。また，エチレンからエタノールを製造する際の副生物として得られる。

• 不和合性

  May form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong acids; strong oxidizers halogens, sulfur, sulfur compounds, causing fire and explosion hazard. Can form peroxides from air, heat, sunlight; may explode when container is unstoppered or otherwise opened. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Being a nonconductor, chemical may accumulate static electric charges that may result in ignition of vapor.

• 廃棄物の処理

  Concentrated waste containing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxidesperforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal

ジエチルエーテル (無水) 上流と下流の製品情報

ジエチルエーテル (無水) スペクトルデータ(¹HNMR、¹³CNMR、IR1、MS、Raman)

60-29-7, ジエチルエーテル (無水) キーワード