Occurrence
Hydroxycarbamide has been reported as endogenous in human blood plasma at concentrations of approximately 30 to 200 ng/ml.
Definition
Hydroxycarbamide is a chemotherapy treatment. It is also known as Hydrea. It was once also called Hydroxyurea.
Brand name
Hydrea, Litalir, Droxia, and Siklos.
Mechanism of action
Hydroxycarbamide is one of a group of chemotherapy drugs known as anti metabolites. These drugs stop cells making and repairing DNA Open a glossary item. Cancer cells need to make and repair DNA in order to grow and multiply.
Pharmacology
Hydroxyurea is a monohydroxyl-substituted urea (hydroxycarbamate) antimetabolite. Similar to other antimetabolite anti-cancer drugs, it acts by disrupting the DNA replication process of dividing cancer cells in the body. Hydroxyurea selectively inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, an enzyme required to convert ribonucleoside diphosphates into deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, thereby preventing cells from leaving the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. This agent also exhibits radiosensitizing activity by maintaining cells in the radiation-sensitive G1 phase and interfering with DNA repair.
Side effects
Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, fevers, loss of appetite, psychiatric problems, shortness of breath, and headaches.There is also concern that it increases the risk of later cancers.Use during pregnancy is typically harmful to the fetus. Hydroxycarbamide is in the antineoplastic family of medications. It is believed to work by blocking the making of DNA.
Synthesis
(1) add Urethylane at sodium hydroxide solution, then drip aqueous hydroxylamine, after dropwising, carry out condensation reaction;
(2) react rear hydrochloric acid and adjust pH7-8; Suction filtration while hot after 58 ~ 62 DEG C of underpressure distillation go out the water of 70 ~ 80% afterwards; Then holding temperature 58 ~ 62 DEG C, joins filtrate in resin cation (R.C.) and decolours;
(3), after decolouring, suction filtration is carried out; Then when filtrate is cooled to 0 ~ 5 DEG C, insulation crystallization; And then carry out suction filtration, filter cake 0-5 DEG C of cold water washing twice; With the use gauge of azanol, the consumption washing material water for the 1st time is 0.8 ~ 1.0ml/g, and the consumption washing material water for the 2nd time is 0.6 ~ 0.8ml/g; Hydroxycarbamide product is obtained finally by drying.
