Chlorbutanol

Bezeichnung:Chlorbutanol

CAS-Nr57-15-8

Englisch Name:Chlorobutanol

CBNumberCB8715683

SummenformelC4H7Cl3O

Molgewicht177.46

MOL-Datei57-15-8.mol

Synonyma

Chlorbutanol

Chlorbutanol physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	~78 °C
Siedepunkt	173 °C
Dichte	1.3170 (estimate)
Flammpunkt	>110°C
storage temp.	Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Löslichkeit	Slightly soluble in water, very soluble in ethanol (96 per cent), soluble in glycerol (85 per cent).
Aggregatzustand	Solid
pka	12.87±0.29(Predicted)
Farbe	Hydrated crystals
Geruch (Odor)	camphor odor
Wasserlöslichkeit	8g/L(20 ºC)
Stabilität	Stable. Generates toxic fumes on combustion.
LogP	2.030
CAS Datenbank	57-15-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	2-(Trichloromethyl)-2-propanol(57-15-8)
EPA chemische Informationen	1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (57-15-8)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xn
R-Sätze:	22-36/37/38
S-Sätze:	26-36/37/39
WGK Germany	3
Giftige Stoffe Daten	57-15-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	MLD orally in dogs, rabbits (mg/kg): 238, 213 (Impens)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Chlorobutanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Volatile, colorless or white crystals with a musty, camphoraceous odor.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals, sublimes readily
Originator
Chlorobutanol,Narchem
Verwenden
Plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers, preservative for biological fluids and solutions, antimicrobial agent, anesthetic in dentistry.
Verwenden
Chlorobutanol is used as a preservative and sedative. It has also been shown to exhibit antibacterial properties.
Vorbereitung Methode
Chlorobutanol is prepared by condensing acetone and chloroform in the presence of solid potassium hydroxide.
Definition
ChEBI: Chlorobutanol is a tertiary alcohol.
Manufacturing Process
33 g (0.59 mol) of powdered potassium hydroxide was added in small amounts to a solution of 50 g (0.86 mol) of acetone in 100 g (0.84 mol) of chloroform to form a reaction mixture containing approximately 0.7 mol of KOH per mol of chloroform. The mixture was chilled to a temperature below 0°C, thoroughly agitated, and than allowed to stand at temperature of about 0°C for 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered and the filtrate was distilled. The fraction boiling within the range of 165-175°C was poured into an equal amount of water to precipitate the 1,1,1-trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol. The precipitated 1,1,1-trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol was filtered and recrystallized from an ethanol-water mixture and air dried. The yield of 1,1,1-trichloro-tertbutyl alcohol was 6 g, that is, somewhat less than 4% of the theoretical yield based on chloroform charged. When calculated on the basis of chloroform consumed the yield was about 15%.
Therapeutic Function
Hypnotic, Anesthetic, Antiseptic, Pharmaceutic aid, Ophthalmologic
Synthesis Reference(s)
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 70, p. 1189, 1948 DOI: 10.1021/ja01183a092
Hazard
Action similar to chloral hydrate. Combustible.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Chlorobutanol is primarily used in ophthalmic or parenteral dosage forms as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 0.5% w/v. It is commonly used as an antibacterial agent for epinephrine solutions, posterior pituitary extract solutions, and ophthalmic preparations intended for the treatment of miosis. It is especially useful as an antibacterial agent in nonaqueous formulations. Chlorobutanol is also used as a preservative in cosmetics ; as a plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers; and has been used therapeutically as a mild sedative and local analgesic in dentistry.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion. A narcotic. A skin and eye irritant. Mutation data reported. See also CHLORAL HYDRATE, whch acts similarly. Dangerous; can react with oxidizing materials. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also PHOSGENE.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Chlorobutanol is widely used as a preservative in a number of pharmaceutical formulations, particularly ophthalmic preparations. Although animal studies have suggested that chlorobutanol may be harmful to the eye, in practice the widespread use of chlorobutanol as a preservative in ophthalmic preparations has been associated with few reports of adverse reactions. A study of the irritation potential of a local anesthetic on the murine cornea indicated significant corneal surface damage in the presence of 0.5% w/v chlorobutanol, which may be related to the preservative’s effective concentration. Reported adverse reactions to chlorobutanol include: cardiovascular effects following intravenous administration of heparin sodium injection preserved with chlorobutanol; neurological effects following administration of a large dose of morphine infusion preserved with chlorobutanol; and hypersensitivity reactions, although these are regarded as rare.
The lethal human dose of chlorobutanol is estimated to be 50–500 mg/kg.
LD₅₀ (dog, oral): 0.24 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, oral): 0.99 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rabbit, oral): 0.21 g/kg
Lager
Chlorobutanol is volatile and readily sublimes. In aqueous solution, degradation to carbon monoxide, acetone and chloride ion is catalyzed by hydroxide ions. Stability is good at pH 3 but becomes progressively worse with increasing pH. The half-life at pH 7.5 for a chlorobutanol solution stored at 258℃ was determined to be approximately 3 months. In a 0.5% w/v aqueous chlorobutanol solution at room temperature, chlorobutanol is almost saturated and may crystallize out of solution if the temperature is reduced.
Losses of chlorobutanol also occur owing to its volatility, with appreciable amounts being lost during autoclaving; at pH 5 about 30% of chlorobutanol is lost. Porous containers result in losses from solutions, and polyethylene containers result in rapid loss. Losses of chlorobutanol during autoclaving in polyethylene containers may be reduced by pre-autoclaving the containers in a solution of chlorobutanol; the containers should then be used immediately. There is also appreciable loss of chlorobutanol through stoppers in parenteral vials.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container at a temperature of 8–158℃.
Inkompatibilitäten
Owing to problems associated with sorption, chlorobutanol is incompatible with plastic vials, rubber stoppers, bentonite, magnesium trisilicate, polyethylene, and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate, which has been used in soft contact lenses. To a lesser extent, carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80 reduce antimicrobial activity by sorption or complex formation.
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM, IV, and SC injection; inhalations; nasal, otic, ophthalmic, and topical preparations). Labeling must state ‘contains chlorobutanol up to 0.5%.’ Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
In the UK, the maximum concentration of chlorobutanol permitted for use in cosmetics, other than foams, is 0.5%. It is not suitable for use in aerosols.

Chlorobutanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Chlorbutanol Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

57-15-8, Chlorobutanol Verwandte Suche:

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