Isobutanol

Bezeichnung:Isobutanol

CAS-Nr78-83-1

Englisch Name:2-Methyl-1-propanol

CBNumberCB3158955

SummenformelC4H10O

Molgewicht74.12

MOL-Datei78-83-1.mol

Synonyma

2-Methylpropan-1-ol

Isobutanol

2-Methyl-1-propanol

Isobutanol physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	?108 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt	108 °C (lit.) 108 °C
Dichte	0.803 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.55 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	8 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
FEMA	2179 \| ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flammpunkt	82 °F
storage temp.	Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Löslichkeit	water: miscible70g/L at 20°C; miscible with alcohol and oils.
Aggregatzustand	Solid
pka	>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
Farbe	APHA: ≤10
Geruch (Odor)	Slightly suffocating; nonresidual alcoholi
Relative polarity	0.552
PH	7 (80g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosionsgrenze	1.5-12%(V)
Odor Threshold	0.011ppm
Geruchsart	ethereal
Wasserlöslichkeit	95 g/L (20 ºC)
maximale Wellenlänge (λmax)	λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.10 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.06
JECFA Number	251
Merck	14,5131
BRN	1730878
Henry's Law Constant	20.0 at 30.00 °C, 72.2 at 50.00 °C, 133 at 60.00 °C, 216 at 70.00 °C, 330 at 80.00 °C (headspace- GC, Hovorka et al., 2002)
Dielectric constant	31.7（-80℃）
Expositionsgrenzwerte	TWA 300 mg/m³ (100 ppm) NIOSH, 150 mg/m³ (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 8000 ppm.
Stabilität	Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, aluminium.
InChIKey	ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP	1 at 25℃
CAS Datenbank	78-83-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	1-Propanol, 2-methyl-(78-83-1)
EPA chemische Informationen	Isobutanol (78-83-1)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xi
R-Sätze:	10-37/38-41-67
S-Sätze:	13-26-37/39-46-7/9
RIDADR	UN 1212 3/PG 3
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 50 ppm (150 mg/m3)
WGK Germany	1
RTECS-Nr.	NP9625000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	801 °F
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	III
HS Code	29051990
Giftige Stoffe Daten	78-83-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 orally in rats: 2.46 g/kg (Smyth)
IDLA	1,600 ppm

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

2-Methyl-1-propanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit Aluminium, starken Oxidationsmitteln wie Chromtrioxid; Bildung brennbarer/explosionsfähiger Gase (z.B. Wasserstoff, ICSC-Nr. 0001). Greift einige Kunststoff-, Gummi- und Beschichtungsarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 50 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 100 ppm, 310 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Haut und reizt stark die Augen Exposition weit oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S13:Von Nahrungsmitteln, Getränken und Futtermitteln fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S7/9:Behälter dicht geschlossen an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
Beschreibung
Isobutyl alcohol has a disagreeable odor. May be prepared from isobutylene; by reduction of isobutyraldehyde with sodium amalgam or in the presence of a catalyst; by fermentation of isobutyraldehyde; isolated during fermentation of carbohydrates.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Isobutyl alcohol has a penetrating, wine-like, disagreeable odor
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, oily liquid with a sweet, musty odor. Burning taste. The average least detectable odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C was 0.36 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 2.0 mg/m³ (660 ppb_v) and 5.4 mg/m³ (1.8 ppm_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 11 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Occurrence
Reported found in the essential oils of Java citronella, tea, Eucalyptus amygdalina. Also reported in apple and currant aromas; in apricots, banana, sweet cherry, orange, grapefruit and tangerine juice, berries, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, pear, pineapple, leek, peas, rutabaga, tomato, ginger, spearmint oil, vinegar, breads, cheeses, milk, fish oil, meats, hop oil, beer, cognac, rum, whiskies, sherry, cider, grape wines, cocoa, tea, coffee, nuts, oats, soybean, avocado, olive, passion fruit, plum, beans, mango, starfruit, bantu beer, plum brandy, tamarind, fig, cardamom, gin, quince, radish, prickly pear, litchi, sukiyaki, lovage leaf, buckwheat, sweet corn, laurel, malt, wort, elderberry juice, dried bonito, krill, kiwifruit, loquat, fruit brandies and wines, endive, shrimp, truffle, red currants, Roman chamomile oil and other sources.
Verwenden
2-Methyl-1-propanol (Isobutyl alcohol) may be used to prepare the isobutyl alcohol-benzene solution for use in the quantification of inorganic phosphates. It may be used for the estimation of phosphate (inorganic phosphorous) by a colorimetric method.
Verwenden
Isobutanol is commonly used to produce isobutyl acetate for lacquers, isobutylphthalate for plasticizers, and as a solvent for plastics, textiles, oils, and perfumes. It is also used in the production of fruit flavoring esters and as a solvent in paint and varnish removers.
Verwenden
Isobutyl Alcohol is a reagent used in organic reactions. It is used in the synthesis of new fluorinating reagents. It is also used in the lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel as an energy source.
Definition
ChEBI: Isobutanol is an alkyl alcohol that is propan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and an alkyl alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an isobutane.
synthetische
From isobutylene; by reduction of isobutyraldehyde with sodium amalgam or in the presence of a catalyst; by fermentation of isobutyraldehyde; isolated during fermentation of carbohydrates
Vorbereitung Methode
Isobutanol is commercially produced almost exclusively by the hydrogenation of isobutyraldehyde obtained from propylene using the oxo process.
Aroma threshold values
Detection: 360 ppb to 3.3 ppm
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a sweet odor. Flash point 85 - 100°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
2-Methyl-1-propanol is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. 2-Methyl-1-propanol is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Hazard
Flammable, moderate fire risk. Strong irritant.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes eye and throat irritation andheadache. Ingestion may cause depression ofthe central nervous system. It is an irritantto the skin, causing cracking. Target organsare the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
LD50 value, oral (rabbits): 3750 mg/kg.
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Flammability and Explosibility
Flammable
mögliche Exposition
Butyl alcohols are used as solvents for paints, lacquers, varnishes, natural and synthetic resins, gums, vegetable oils, dyes, camphor, and alkaloids. They are also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals; in the manufacture of artificial leather, safety glass; rubber and plastic cements, shellac, raincoats, photographic films, perfumes; and in plastic fabrication.
Carcinogenicity
Nineteen Wistar rats were dosed with 0.2mL of isobutanol twice weekly by oral intubation. The average survival time was 495 days. It was reported that malignant tumors developed in three animals; one had a forestomach carcinoma and a liver cell carcinoma, another had a forestomach carcinoma and myelogenous leukemia, and the third, a myelogenous leukemia. In the same study, 24 rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.05 mL/kg twice weekly. The average survival time was 544 days. A total of eight malignant tumors developed: two forestomach carcinomas, two liver sarcomas, one spleen sarcoma, one mesothelioma, and two retroperitoneal sarcomas. Increased incidences of total tumors were observed by both routes of administration, but there was no significant increased incidence of any tumor type at any site. This study is considered inappropriate for cancer risk assessment.
Source
A product of whiskey fermentation (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Isobutyl alcohol also occurs in tea leaves and java cintronella plants (Duke, 1992).
Versand/Shipping
UN1120 Butanols, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3— Flammable liquid. UN1212 Isobutanol or Isobutyl alcohol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid
läuterung methode
Isobutanol is dried by refluxing with CaO and BaO for several hours, followed by treatment with calcium or aluminium amalgam, then fractional distilling it from sulfanilic or tartaric acids. More exhaustive purifications involve formation of phthalate or borate esters. Heating it with phthalic anhydride gives the acid phthalate which, after crystallisation to constant melting point (m 65o) from pet ether, is hydrolysed with aqueous 15% KOH. The alcohol is distilled off as the water azeotrope and dried (K2CO3, then anhydrous CuSO4), and finally magnesium turnings, followed by fractional distillation. [Hückel & Ackermann J Prakt Chem 136 15 1933.] The borate ester is formed by heating the dried alcohol for 6hours in an autoclave at 160-175o with a quarter of its weight of boric acid. After fractional distillation under vacuum, the ester is hydrolysed by heating for a short time with aqueous alkali and the alcohol is dried with CaO and distilled. [Michael et al. J Am Chem Soc 38 653 1916.] Alternatively dry the alcohol with K2CO3, CaSO4 or CaCl2, filter and fractionally distil it. For further drying, the redistilled alcohol can be refluxed with the appropriate alkyl phthalate or succinate as described under ethanol. [Beilstein 1 IV 1588.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Butyl alcohols may form explosive mixture with air. In all cases they are Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. n-Butanol is incompatible with strong acids; halogens, caustics, alkali metals; aliphatic amines; isocyanates. sec-Butanol forms an explosive peroxide in air. Ignites with chromium trioxide. Incompatible with strong oxidizers; strong acids; aliphatic amines; isocyanates, organic peroxides. tert-Butanol is incompatible with strong acids (including mineral acid), including mineral acids; strong oxidizers or caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium). isoButanol is incompatible with strong acids; strong oxidizers; caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals and alkali earth. May react with aluminum at high temperatur
Waste disposal
Incineration, or bury absorbed waste in an approved land fill.

2-Methyl-1-propanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Isobutanol Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

78-83-1, 2-Methyl-1-propanol Verwandte Suche:

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