Hydroxylamin

Bezeichnung:Hydroxylamin

CAS-Nr7803-49-8

Englisch Name:HYDROXYLAMINE

CBNumberCB3345090

SummenformelH3NO

Molgewicht33.03

MOL-Datei7803-49-8.mol

Synonyma

Hydroxylamin

Oxyammoniak

Hydroxylammoniak

Hydroxylamin physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	7°C
Siedepunkt	>100 °C
Dichte	1.078 g/mL at 25 °C
Dampfdruck	9 mm Hg ( 40 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.393
RTECS-Nr.	NC2975000
storage temp.	Store below +30°C.
Löslichkeit	Water
Aggregatzustand	white flakes or needles
pka	pK (20°) 7.97
Farbe	white orthorhombic flakes or needles
Wasserlöslichkeit	Miscible with water, liquid ammonia and methanol. Slightly miscible with ether, benzene, carbon disulfide and chloroform.
Merck	13,4853
Stabilität	Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, zinc, calcium, copper, sodium, ammonia, carbonyls, phosphorus halides, pyridine, hypochlorites.
InChIKey	AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Datenbank	7803-49-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Hydroxylamine(7803-49-8)
EPA chemische Informationen	Hydroxylamine (7803-49-8)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xn,N
R-Sätze:	5-22-37/38-41-43-48/22-50-40-21/22
S-Sätze:	23-26-36/37/39-47-61-22-46
RIDADR	UN 3082 9/PG 3
WGK Germany	3
F	4.8
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	8
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	28251090
Giftige Stoffe Daten	7803-49-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 i.p. in mice: 1.83 mmol/kg (Smith, Layne)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

HYDROXYLAMINE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
STARK HYGROSKOPISCHE WEISSE NADELN ODER FLOCKEN.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Sensibilisierung der Haut; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Haut und die Atemwege und verätzt die Augen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Methämoglobinbildung. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Methämoglobinbildung und Blutarmut.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R5:Beim Erwärmen explosionsfähig.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
R48/22:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Verschlucken.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S47:Nicht bei Temperaturen über . . . °C aufbewahren (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Beschreibung
Hydroxylamine was first synthesized by Wilhem Clemens Lossen in 1865 in the laboratory of Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz while working in Halle. The Lossen synthesis originally generated hydroxylamine in aqueous solution. Anhydrous hydroxylamine was prepared later by Lobry de Bruyn and Crismer in 1891. The free base is extremely volatile, and industrial-scale production has been fraught with problems, including large explosions at facilities in the United States and Japan. Much of the hydroxylamine produced and transported is in salt form or as a dilute aqueous solution.
Chemische Eigenschaften
slightly yellow liquid
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White crystalline solid; orthogonal plates or needles; unstable; density 1.21g/cm3at 20°C; melts at 33°C; vaporizes at 58°C; very soluble in water, liquidammonia and lower alcohols; sparingly soluble in most other organic solvents;decomposes in hot water; pKa5.94 at 25°C.
Verwenden
Hydroxylamine is used as a reducing agent in photography, in synthetic and analytical chemistry, as an antioxidant for fatty acids and soaps, and as a dehairing agent for hides. In addition, hydroxylamine is used in the production of cyclohexanone oxime, an isomer of caprolactam, which is an intermediate in the production of nylon-6. In the semiconductor industry, hydroxylamine can be a component of a solution that dissolves a photoresist following lithography. Hydroxylamine can also be used to selectively cleave asparaginyl-glycine peptide bonds.
Verwenden
Reducing agent used in photographic processing, leather tanning, manufacturing of nylon and other polymers; as a stabilizer for natural rubber; to prevent the development of objectionable tastes and odors during the refining of fatty materials.
Verwenden
Reducing agent, organic synthesis.
Definition
hydroxylamine: A colourless solid,NH₂OH, m.p. 33°C. It explodes onheating and may be employed as anoxidizing agent or reducing agent. Itis made by the reduction of nitratesor nitrites, and is used in makingnylon. With aldehydes and ketones itforms oximes.
synthetische
Hydroxylamine is unstable as a free base. It is prepared from hydroxy-lamine hydrochloride, NH2OH?HCl, which is obtained by electrolytic reduc-tion of ammonium chloride solution. The hydrochloride undergoes alkalinedecomposition to hydroxylamine, which is collected by vacuum distillation.
Definition
ChEBI: The simplest hydroxylamine, consisting of ammonia bearing a hydroxy substituent. It is an intermediate in the biological nitrification by microbes like bacteria.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Odorless white crystalline solid. Sinks and mixes with water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Decomposes rapidly at room temperature or when dissolved in hot water by internal oxidation-reduction. Reacts with water or steam to produce heat and corrosive liquids.
Reaktivität anzeigen
HYDROXYLAMINE is a white solid, thermally unstable, decomposes rapidly at room temperature or when dissolved in hot water by internal oxidation-reduction. HYDROXYLAMINE should be stored below 10° C [Bailar, 1973, vol. 2, p. 272]. Explosive reaction with strong oxidizers (chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate) or powdered zinc upon heat. Reaction with zinc or calcium produces explosive bishydroxylamides. HYDROXYLAMINE ignites on contact with cupric sulfate, alkali metals (sodium, potassium), oxidants (e.g., barium oxide, barium peroxide, lead dioxide, potassium permanganate, chlorine), phosphorus trichloride and pentachloride. HYDROXYLAMINE reacts vigorously with hypochlorites, pyridine, carbonyls [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1875]. On contact with organic materials in thin layer (e.g., crystals on filter paper), HYDROXYLAMINE may ignite spontaneously in air. HYDROXYLAMINE explodes when heated above 70° C [Brauer, 1963, vol. 1, p. 502]. During a distillation process, an explosion occurred. Potassium hydroxide is thought to be involved in the explosion. Employees in the plant complained of chest pains and suffered chemical burns. Five people were killed by the explosion.
Hazard
Decomposes rapidly at room temperature, violently when heated, detonates in flame-heated test tube. Irritant to tissue.
Health Hazard
INHALATION: Moderately toxic by inhalation and oral routes with the following symptoms possible: headache, vertigo, tinnitus, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, cyanosis, proteinuria and hematuria, jaundice, restlessness, and convulsion. Methemoglobinemia has been reported. EYES: Corrosive - highly irritating. SKIN: Irritating or corrosive to skin. INGESTION: Moderately toxic by inhalation and oral routes with the following symptoms possible; headache, vertigo, tinnitus, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, cyanosis, proteinuria and hematuria, jaundice, restlessness, and convulsion. Methemoglobinemia has been reported.
Kontakt-Allergie
Hydroxylamine and its salts are used in various branches of industry, as reducing agents in color film developers or as reagents in laboratories.
mögliche Exposition
Potential Exposure:Mutagen.Those involved in chemical synthesis or use of hydroxyI-amine. Used as a reducing agent.
Erste Hilfe
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any con-tact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min,occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical atten-tion immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, removecontaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap andwater. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemicalhas been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breath-ing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask)if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemicalhas been swallowed, get medical attention. If victim is con-scious, administer water or milk. Do not induce vomiting.Note to physician: Treat for methemoglobinemia. Test urineformethemoglobinemia. Spectrophotometry may berequired for precise determination of levels of methemoglo-bin in urine.
Carcinogenicity
Carcinogenicity of hydroxylamine and its salts has not been demonstrated. Several studies have shown a decreased incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice exposed to the sulfate and hydrochloride.3–7 There was some indication of an increase in the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors when the sulfate was administered to older animals whose mammary glands were already well developed.
Environmental Fate
The large-scale production and use of hydroxylamine may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Hydroxylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere, and will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 h.
Abiotic degradation of hydroxylamine by photochemically produced peroxy radicals is an important environmental fate process in surface waters, with the half-life of the reaction measured at approximately 2 h. An estimated bioconcentration factor of 3 suggests that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. If released terrestrially, hydroxylamine will most likely exist in its protonated form due to its pKa of 5.94; the protonated form is nonvolatile. Koc estimates of 14 for hydroxylamine suggest that it may have very high mobility in soil.
Lager
(1) Color Code- Yellow Stripe (strong reducingagent): Reactivity Hazard; Store separately in an area iso-lated from flammables, combustibles, or other yellow-codedmaterials. (2) Color Code- Blue: Health Hazard/Poison:Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Protect against physical damage. Store in cool, non-combustible buildings and separate from oxidizing materi-als. Open airtight containers occasionally to relieve pressurefrom decomposition products.
Versand/Shipping
Toxic solid, corrosive, inorganic, n.o.s. requires ashipping label of“POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS,CORROSIVE.”It falls in DOT/UN Hazard Class 6.1 andPacking Group II.
läuterung methode
Crystallise it from n-butanol at -10o, collect it by vacuum filtration and wash it with cold diethyl ether. Harmful vapours. [Hurd Inorg Synth I 87 1939, Semon in Org Synth Coll Vol I 318 1932.]
Toxicity evaluation
Hydroxylamine acts as a reducing agent when absorbed systemically, producing methemoglobin and the formulation of Heinz bodies in the blood. It can induce hemolytic anemia. It inhibits platelet aggregation and is a nitric oxide vasodilator. Oxylamines such as hydroxylamine and methoxylamine disturb DNA replication and act as potent mutagens, causing nucleotide transition from one purine to another or one pyrimidine to another.
Allergic reactions of the skin following dermal exposure to hydroxylamine resemble contact eczema, or possibly urticaria of Quincke’s edema. The pathogenesis of this reaction appears to be mediated by a delayed type T-lymphocyte reaction.
Inkompatibilitäten
Self reactive. Contaminants， tempera-tures above 129.4℃, or open flame can cause explosivedecomposition, especially in the presence of moisture andcarbon dioxide. Incompatible with strong acids, organicanhydrides, isocyanates, aldehydes, sodium, finely dividedzinc, some metal oxides. Aqueous solution is a weak base.Contact with strong oxidizers may cause a fire and explo-sion hazard. Attacks some metals. Contact with calcium orzinc forms a heat-sensitive explosive [bis(hydroxylamide)](Sax).

HYDROXYLAMINE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Hydroxylamin Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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