Alachlor (ISO)

Bezeichnung:Alachlor (ISO)

CAS-Nr15972-60-8

Englisch Name:Alachlor

CBNumberCB2437008

SummenformelC14H20ClNO2

Molgewicht269.77

MOL-Datei15972-60-8.mol

Synonyma

Alachlor

Alachlor (ISO)

2-Chlor-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilid

Alachlor (ISO) physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	39-42°C
Siedepunkt	100°C (0.02 mmHg)
Dichte	d2515.6 1.133
Brechungsindex	1.5388 (estimate)
Flammpunkt	-18 °C
storage temp.	2-8°C
Löslichkeit	DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml
pka	1.20±0.50(Predicted)
Wasserlöslichkeit	0.024 g/100 mL
Merck	13,201
BRN	2944476
CAS Datenbank	15972-60-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	Alachlor(15972-60-8)
EPA chemische Informationen	Alachlor (15972-60-8)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xn;N,N,Xn,F,T
R-Sätze:	22-40-43-50/53-67-65-38-11-52/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-51/53
S-Sätze:	36/37-46-60-61-62-45-16
RIDADR	UN 3077
WGK Germany	3
RTECS-Nr.	AE1225000
HazardClass	9
PackingGroup	III
Giftige Stoffe Daten	15972-60-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 orally in rats: 1200 mg/kg (Evans)

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

Alachlor Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GERUCHLOSER, FARBLOSER BIS CREMEFARBENER, KRISTALLINER FESTSTOFF.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Beim Verbrennen Bildung giftiger Gase (Kohlenmonoxid, s. ICSC 0023), Stickstoffoxide, Chlorwasserstoff (s. ICSC 0163).
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: Beabsichtigte änderung: (1 mg/m? einatembar. & Dampf, sensibilisierend, A2 (krebsverdächtig)) (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, vor allem als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Leber. Möglicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material aufsaugen. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Alachlor is a herbicide. Occupational contact dermatitis was rarely observed in agricultural workers.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Alachlor is a colorless to yellow crystal chemical substance. It is soluble in most organic solvents, but sparingly in water. Alachlor is an RUP, therefore it should be purchased and used only by certified, trained workers and plant protection applicators. The US EPA categorizes it as toxicity class III, meaning slightly toxic. However, alachlor products bear the signal word danger on their labels because of their potential to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Alachlor is an aniline herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in field corn, soybeans, and peanuts. It is a selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by germinating shoots and roots. It works by interfering with a plant's ability to produce protein and by interfering with root elongation. Alachlor has extensive use as a herbicide in the United States. It is available as granules or emulsifiable concentrate.
Verwenden
Alachlor is used pre- or early post-emergence to control annual grasses and many broadleaved weeds mainly in maize, but also in cotton, brassicas, oilseed rape, peanuts, radish, soy beans, and sugar-cane.
Verwenden
Preemergence, early postemergence or soil-incorporated herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds in beans, corn, cotton, milo, peanuts, peas, soybeans, sunflower and certain woody ornamentals.
Verwenden
Alachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States and is used as an herbicide for grasses, broadleaf seeds, corn, sorghum, soybeans, peanuts, cotton, vegetables, and forage crops.
Definition
ChEBI: An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Crystalline solid. Melting point 104-106°F (40-41°C). Used as a herbicide.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Hydrolyzes under strongly acidic and strongly basic conditions.
Reaktivität anzeigen
A halogenated acetamide. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Health Hazard
Alachlor is a slightly toxic herbicide. It causes slight to moderate degrees of skin irritation. While a 90-day study on laboratory rats and dogs given diets containing low to moderate amounts of alachlor (1–100 mg/kg/day) showed no adverse effects, a 1-year study indicated that at a dose above 1 mg/kg/day, alachlor causes damage in the liver, spleen, and kidney.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Herbicide: A pre-emergence herbicide for corn, soybeans, and peanuts, and other field crops. It is a selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by germinating shoots and by roots. It works by interfering with a plant's ability to produce protein and by interfering with root elongation. It is available as granules or emulsifiable concentrate. Alachlor is used in mixed formulations with atrazine, glyphosate, trifluralin, and imaquin. Not approved for use in the EU. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).
Handelsname
AGIMIX® Araclor; ALAGAM®; ALAGAN®; ALANEX®; ALAPAZ®, suspended; ALAZINE®; ALATOX 480®; ALCLOR 48 LE®; CHIMICHLOR®; LARIAT®; LASAGRIN®; LASSAGRIN®; LASSO®; LASSO MICRO-TECH®; METACHLOR®; PARTNER® Arachlor; PILLARZO®; SANACHLOR®
Kontakt-Allergie
Alachlor is a herbicide. Occupational contact dermatitis was rarely observed in agricultural workers.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin contact, and possibly other routes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cland NOx.
mögliche Exposition
A chloracetanilide herbicide. In manufacture, formulation and application of this preemergence herbicide, personnel may be exposed. Its major use (99%) is as a preemergence herbicide for field crops (corn, soybeans, and peanuts, etc.).
Environmental Fate
Alachlor dissipates from soil mainly through volatilization, photodegradation, and biodegradation. Many metabolites have been identified; diethylaniline, detected in some soil studies, interacts rapidly with humic substances in the soil. A half-life in soil of 7-38 days has been reported. Under certain conditions, alachlor can leach beyond the root zone and migrate to groundwater.
Stoffwechselwegen
The metabolism of alachlor using in vitro incubations with microsomal fractions prepared from liver and nasal turbinate tissues of rat and mouse (m1) results in conversion to 3,5-diethylbenzoquinone-4-imine via the key intermediate of 2,6-diethylaniline, the formation of which requires catalysis by microsomal arylamidases. 2,6-Diethylaniline is oxidized to 4-amino- 3,5-diethylphenol resulting in quinone imine by further oxidation. Rat nasal tissue possesses high enzymatic activity which can promote the formation of the reactive quinone imine. A methylsulfide metabolite of alachlor is shown to be a precursor to 2,6- diethylaniline. The deposition of radioactivity in the rat nasal tissue is more pronounced following oral administration of the methylsulfide metabolite of alachlor.
The extent of DNA adduct formation by alachlor and its metabolites is used as a guide to deduce the causal agent(s) in the carcinogenicity of this herbicide. Metabolic studies (m2) indicate that 2-chloro-N- hydroxymethoxymethyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)- acetamide is an intermediate in forming 2-chloro-N- (2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide and presumably formaldehyde in the mouse liver microsomal mixed- function oxidase system and in yielding O-glucuronide of 2-chloro-N-hydroxymethyl-N-(2,6- diethylphenyl)acetamide in the urine of alachlor-treated mice.
Incubation of alachlor in the presence of glutathione (GSH) with the cytosolic fraction from rat, mouse, and monkey (m3) produces the GSH conjugate of alachlor as the initial metabolite. The conjugation occurs through thiol displacement of the chlorine atom of alachlor and is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Kidney cell-free preparations of rats and monkeys readily degrade the alachlor GSH conjugate through the mercapturic acid pathway to the corresponding cysteinylglycine, cysteine, and N-acetylcysteine conjugates of alachlor.
Upon UV irradiation, 14/13C-alachlor is dechlorinated and forms a number of intermediates that retain the aromatic ring and carbonyl carbons. These compounds include hydroxyalachlor, norchloralachlor, 2' ,6'-diethylacetanilide, 2-hydroxy- 2' ,6' -diethyl-N-methylacetanilide, and a lactam. The fungus transforms 98.6% of 14C-alachlor added to the fermentation broth, and metabolism occurs predominantly by benzylic hydroxylation of one of the arylethyl side chains. Two major metabolites are isomers of 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-[2-ethyl-6-(1- hydroxyethyl)-phenyl]acetamide and 2-chloro-N-(2,6- diethylphenyl)acetamide. The minor metabolite is 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-(2-vinyl-6- ethlyphenyl)acetamide. N-Dealkylation by fungal biotransformation is also observed.
Versand/Shipping
UN2588 Pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Toxicity evaluation
Alachlor has a low persistence in soil, with a half-life ofz8 days. The main means of degradation is by soil microbes. It has moderate mobility in sandy and silty soils, and thus can migrate to groundwater. The largest groundwater-testing program for a pesticide, the National Alachlor Well Water Survey, was conducted throughout the last half of the 1980s. More than sixmillion private and domestic wells were tested for the presence of alachlor. Less than 1% of all of the wells had detectable levels of alachlor. In the wells in which the compound was detected, concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 mg l^-1, with themajority having concentrations≈0.2mg l^-1. Alachlor is relatively stable to hydrolysis and photolysis in water, and degradation in water is not considered as an important environmental fate process. Alachlor appears to be persistent under aquifer biological and geochemical conditions. This means that alachlor can appear in groundwater years after use and can migrate with groundwater away from use areas. Alachlor contamination has resulted in loss of untreated groundwater as a source of drinking water in Florida and other states. The bioaccumulation factor in the channel catfish is 5.8 times the ambient water concentration, indicating that alachlor is not expected to accumulate appreciably in aquatic organisms.
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Corrosive to iron and steel.
Waste disposal
This compound is hydrolyzed under strongly acid or alkaline conditions, to chloroacetic acid, methanol, formaldehyde and 2,6-diethylanilne. Incineration is recommended as a disposal procedure. Techniques for alachlor removal from potable water have been reviewed by EPA but the data revealed no superior method. Improper disposal of pesticides is a violation of federal law. Dispose In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.

Alachlor Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Alachlor (ISO) Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

15972-60-8, Alachlor Verwandte Suche:

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