N,N-Dimethylacetamid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

• Sicherheit

  P201：Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

  P308+P313：BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  öLIGE, FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Substanz zersetzt sich beim Erwärmen unter Bildung von giftigen Rauchen. Reagiert mit starkenOxidationsmitteln.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden (ACGIH 2006).
  EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: 36 mg/m?(als TWA), 72 mg/m?(als STEL) Hautresorption (EU 2006).
  MAK: 10 ppm, 36 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C (DFG 2008).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und über die Haut.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Leber mit nachfolgenden Funktionsstörungen. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.

• LECKAGE

  Persönliche Schutzausrüstung:Chemikalienschutzanzug. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
  R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
  R20/21:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und bei Berührung mit der Haut.
  R36:Reizt die Augen.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

• Beschreibung

  Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is a synthetic organic compound that is produced from a reaction of dimethylamine and acetic acid or acetic anhydride. It is a colorless to yellow liquid with a faint odor resembling ammonia. DMAC has similar density to water and is miscible with water and organic substances. This organic compound is commonly associated with many industrial uses, either as a starting material or an intermediate. DMAC is a good solvent that is used in polymer dissolution, especially in the fiber industry. Historically, DMAC was also tested as a possible antineoplastic agent in a phase 1 study involving 17 patients. However, liver and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity associated with DMAC was observed and these patients had altered mental states, resulting in no further drug development.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Dimethylacetamide occurs as a clear, colorless, slightly hygroscopic liquid with a weak ammonia-like or fish-like odor. odor threshold concentration is 46.8 ppmv (Leonardos et al., 1969). It is soluble in a wide variety of solvents.

• Verwenden

  N,N-dimethylacetamide is an excellent solvent and often acts as a catalyst in halogenation, cyclization, and alkylation reactions. It is an important industrial solvent for polyacrylonitrile, vinyl resins, cellulose derivatives, styrene polymers and linear polyesters. It is also used in all analytical laboratories as a major component of mobile phase in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and in Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). N,N-dimethylacetamide lithium chelate complexes intercalate cationic sites in layered silicates.

• Application

  N,N-Dimethylacetamide is primarily used as an industrial solvent and intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, agrochemicals, polymers, and resins. It is also used as a spinning solvent in the production of fibers of various polymers, including acrylic, polyurethane, polyurea copolymer, and meta-aramid. Moreover, this aprotic dipolar solvent is also used in X-ray and photographic products and in the production of polyimide films. The polyimide films are produced for a variety of industries, including consumer electronics, solar photovoltaic and wind energy, aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications. N,N-Dimethylacetamide has other minor uses, including removal of ink, stripping of paint, and also for laboratory use.

• Definition

  ChEBI: N,N-dimethylacetamide is a member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of acetamides and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to an acetamide.

• synthetische

  N,N-Dimethylacetamide is prepared by reaction of dimethylamine with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, or acetate esters. Heating dimethylamine acetate with, or without a catalyst affords N,N-Dimethylacetamide. Reaction of dimethylamine with acetate esters requires a catalyst; sodium methoxide is typically used.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Dimethylacetamide appears as a clear colorless liquid with a faint odor similar to ammonia. About the same density as water. Flash point 145°F. Vapors heavier than air. May by toxic by skin absorption. May irritate eyes and skin.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Water soluble.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  N,N-Dimethylacetamide is an amide. Incompatible with oxidizing agents and halogenated compounds. Exothermic reactions occur with carbon tetrachloride and hexachlorocyclohexane. N,N-Dimethylacetamide can react violently in the presence of iron. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Emits carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and dimethylamine when heated to decomposition.

• Health Hazard

  A study of 41 workers who had been exposed to dimethylacetamide from 2 to 10 years revealed the occurrence of disorders reflecting liver damage (Corsi, 1971). Retention of bromosulfophthalein was increased in 9 of 10 workers who had been exposed to dimethylacetamide for 7 to 10 years, and in 10 of 20 workers who had been exposed to dimethylacetamide for 2 to 7 years. Other parameters of hepatic function which were altered in the exposed individuals include proteinemia, cholesterolemia, activities of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in serum, and bilirubinemia. Hepatomegaly was diagnosed in 14 workers.
  In a clinical trial, dimethylacetamide was administered to patients with advanced malignancies and caused abnormal mental states (Weiss et al 1962a, b). This effect was observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg given daily for 3 or more days.
  The symptoms were not seen at 300 mg/kg or lower. The second or third dose caused depression, lethargy, occasional confusion or disorientation. The fourth or fifth dose produced striking hallucinations, perceptual distortions and delusions in all nine patients. All patients reverted to normal several days after discontinuation of treatment with dimethylacetamide.

• Brandgefahr

  N,N-Dimethylacetamide is combustible.

• Industrielle Verwendung

  Dimethylacetamide is a powerful industrial solvent, the uses of which are very similar to those of dimethylformamide (Siegle, 1980). Its strong solvent action renders it particularly useful in the manufacture of films and fibers and as a solvent for polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, cellulose derivatives and polystyrenes and in coatings and adhesive formulations. Dimethylacetamide dissolves many inorganic salts.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Moderately toxic by skin contact, inhalation, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. Less toxic than dimethylformamide. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat and flame. A moderate explosion hazard. Violent reaction with halogenated compounds (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, hexachlorocyclohexane) when heated above 9OOC. Iron powder catalyzes the reaction so that it initiates at 71OC. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx

• Sicherheit(Safety)

  Dimethylacetamide is used in pharmaceutical preparations as a solvent in parenteral formulations and is generally regarded as a nontoxic material when used as an excipient. Animal toxicity studies indicate that dimethylacetamide is readily absorbed into the bloodstream following inhalation or topical application. Repeated exposure to dimethylacetamide may be harmful and can result in liver damage. High intravenous doses (>400mg/kg/day for 3 days) may be hallucinogenic.
  LD50 (rabbit, SC): 9.6g/kg(11) LD50 (rat, IP): 2.75g/kg LD50 (rat, IV): 2.64g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 4.93g/kg LD50 (mouse, inhalation): 7.2g/kg LD50 (mouse, IP): 2.8g/kg

• mögliche Exposition

  Drug,Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Primary Irritant.Dimethylacetamide is used primarily as a solvent for synthetic and natural resins, especially acrylic fibers and spandex. About 15% of dimethylacetamide production is used tomake alkyl (C12-14) dimethylamine oxide (a surfactant) andrubber chemicals. Dimethylacetamide is also used as anextraction solvent for butadiene manufacture.

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPRif heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to amedical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed,get medical attention. Give large quantities of water andinduce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious personvomit.

• Carcinogenicity

  DMAC was not carcinogenic in rats administered 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 2 years. Rats and mice were exposed by inhalation to 0, 25, 100, or 350 ppm DMAC for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 18 months (mice) or 2 years (rats). DMAC was not oncogenic under these conditions in either the rat or the mouse.

• Environmental Fate

  Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987).

• Stoffwechsel

  33 mg or 92 mg of 14C-labelled DMAC were given by gavage to two rats. The major urinary components were:60-70% MMAC, 7-10% N -hydroxymethylacetamide, 7- 10%, Acetamide and some residual DMAC. A small proportion of DMAC and its intermediates was hydrolysed and eliminated as Carbon Dioxide.
  Twenty male rats were given two subcutaneous injections of 300 mg DMAC, MMAC and Acetamide were found in the urine.
  20 rats had 20-80% DMAC solutions (0.12 ml) applied to their backs. The amount of MMAC increased as the solution concentration increased. Recovery ranged from 13% for the 20% solution to 42% for undiluted DMAC (Du Pont, 1988).
  These studies show that the major metabolic pathway of DMAC "in vivo" in rats is sequential N-demethylation and elimination from the body.
  https://hpvchemicals.oecd.org/ui/handler.axd?id=16564422-daff-4489-8c27-735d3ab0b260

• Lager

  Dimethylacetamide should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place. Dimethylacetamide has an almost unlimited shelf-life when kept in closed containers and under nitrogen. It is combustible.

• Versand/Shipping

  This material is not covered in DOT’sPerformance-Oriented Packaging Standards. It may,however, be classified as a combustible liquid, n.o.s. Thisclass requires no shipping label. It falls in Hazard Class 3[each reference to a Class 3 material is modified to read“COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID” when that material is reclassified in accordance with y173.150 (e) or (f) of this subchapter or has a flash point above 60.5℃/141°F but below93℃/200°F] and Packing Group III. The symbol “D” identifies proper shipping names which are appropriate fordescribing materials for domestic transportation but may beinappropriate for international transportation under the provisions of international regulations (e.g., IMO, ICAO). Analternate proper shipping name may be selected when eitherdomestic or international transportation is involved.

• läuterung methode

  Shake the amide with BaO for several days, reflux it with BaO for 1hour, then fractionally distil it under reduced pressure. Store it over molecular sieves. [Beilstein 4 IV 180.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  Little data on the metabolism of DMAC are available in the literature. Hepatotoxicity of DMAC is believed to be metabolism dependent. From its metabolic activation (by cytochrome P450s and probably CYP2E1), reactive species and free radical metabolites are produced and readily attack the heme prosthetic group of the liver, leading to suicidal hepatic enzyme inactivation.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Dimethylacetamide is incompatible with carbon tetrachloride, oxidizing agents, halogenated compounds, and iron. It attacks plastic and rubber. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire.

• Filter für giftige stoffe

  The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is 100 μg/m3, with annual averaging time.

• Regulatory Status

  Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM injections, IV injections and infusions). Included in parenteral medicines licensed in the UK.

N,N-Dimethylacetamide Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

N,N-Dimethylacetamid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(932)Suppliers

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