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4-Aminodiphenylamine sulfate (Variamine Blue RT sulfate) is a multifunctional dye. Dyes are important tools in biological experiments. They can help researchers observe and analyze cell structures, track biomolecules, evaluate cell functions, distinguish cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology and monitor microorganisms. Their applications range from basic scientific research to clinical A wide range of diagnostics. Dyes are also widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging fields such as functional textile processing, food pigments and dye-sensitized solar cells.

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Dissolve 10g of the dye in 100mL of hot water. Sodium dithionite (0.4g) is then added, followed by active carbon (1.5g) and is filtered hot. To the colourless or slightly yellow filtrate a solution of saturated NaCl is added, and the mixture is cooled. The needles are filtered off, washed with cold water, dried at room temperature, and stored in a dark bottle (light sensitive). [Anderson & Steedly J Am Chem Soc 76 5144 1954, Erdey Chem Analyst 48 106 1959, Beilstein 16 H 602, 16 I 371, 16 II 307, 16 III 575. ]

[1] Sultana M, et al. A review on experimental chemically modified activated carbon to enhance dye and heavy metals adsorption[J]. Cleaner engineering and technology, 2022, 6: 100382.