Propionyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring carnitine derivative formed by carnitine acetyltransferase during β-oxidation of uneven chain fatty acids.
1 Propionyl-L-carnitine increases the basal release of prostaglandin E
2 (PGE
2; Item No.
14010) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F
1α (Item No.
15210) in carrageenan-stimulated isolated rat peritoneal cells contaminated with neutrophils and increases the basal release of thromboxane B
2 (TXB
2; Item No.
19030) in non-contaminated cells.
1 It reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It also increases the rate of revascularization and the hind limb vascular area in a rabbit model of hind limb ischemia when administered at a dose of 10 mg per animal.
2 Propionyl-L-carnitine reduces mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia, preventing mitochondrial calcium overload, and depletion of ATP tissue stores in a rabbit model of ischemia.
3 
