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• Abstract

  Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is also known as trisodium phosphate, sodium orthophosphate. It is colorless crystal. The relative density is 1.62. Melting point is 73.4℃. It is easily weathered. When heated to 100℃, it loses crystal water to from Anhydrous. The relative density is 2.537 (17.5/4℃). Melting point is 1340℃. It can dissolve in water, in aqueous solution it can almost decompose into disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide, aqueous solution is alkaline, it has some erosion for skin, it is not soluble in ethanol and carbon disulfide.
  Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be used in the textile, printing and dyeing, paper, power generation, chemical industry and it is often used as water softener and boiler cleaning agent, it is also used as metal rust agent, reactive dye fixing agent, phosphating agent of steel containers, juice purification agents, rubber latex coagulant drugs such as penicillin and train agents. Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can also be used as food additive, Chinese GB2760-1996 regulations allow the use of food with moisture-retaining agent. It can also be used as development accelerators, it is commonly used in the oil-soluble color developing solution.
  The chemical properties, uses and synthetic methods of trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate are edited by Chemicalbook.(2016-12-04);

• Chemical properties

  It’s the colorless or white crystals and can be dissolved in water and aqueous solution of it is strongly alkaline. It is insoluble in ethanol and carbon disulfide.;

• Uses

  (1) It can be used as the water softener, detergent, boiler detergents, metal rust inhibitors, dyeing fixing agent, fluxing agent for enamel production, bleaching agent, leather degreaser agent and degumming agent etc.
  (2) It can be used as analytical reagents, water softener and metal cleaning agent.
  (3) It can be used as water softener, boiler cleaning agents and metal rust inhibitors. It can also be applied to paper, leather, photography and so on.
  (4) It can be used as the softener, detergent, boiler scale inhibitor, water softener for paper dyeing water softener, PH buffers of the adhesive for producing glossy paper, the fixing agent for textile printing, mercerized enhancer for fabric, tendering resistant agent for making thread in the chemical, textile printing paper dyeing, power generation and other industries. It can be used for chemical degreasing and decontamination, and can also be used as the metal corrosion resistance agent or rust inhibitor in metallurgical industry; fluxing agent and bleaching agent in enamel industry; degreasing agents and rawhide unglued agent in leather industry; favorable promoter for photographic developing solution; tooth cleaners and detergents for bottle;  coagulating agent for rubber latex; juice purification agents.
  (5) It can be used as water softener, photographic developer and detergents.
  (6) Phosphate has the effect of improving quality in food processing, for example, keep the water capacity in meat and improve adhesive force in order to reduce the loss of nutrients make the meat soft. It can be used as the emulsifier, nutritional supplement and quality improver In food processing. It is the raw material of making the buck. It can also be used for refining the sugar and making theα-starch. The detergents for the bottles and cans.;

• Production method

  (1) Neutralization method: Diluting the food-grade phosphoric acid with deionized water to a certain concentration solution, then add the mixed liquor to a stirred reactor, add the food grade caustic soda solution to the reactor slowly to neutralize the reaction. Adjust the ratio of Na/P to 3.24~3.26. Purifying the solution with bleaching agent, removing heavy metal agent and removing arsenic agent, and then remove the impurities by filtration. After the cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying of the filter liquor, the final product-trisodium phosphate 12-hydrate can be obtained. The reaction is
  H3PO4+3NaOH→Na3PO4+3H2O
  (2) WPA method: add some wash water to the phosphoric which can be obtained by the reaction of the phosphate rock with sulfuric acid and dilute the solution which the content of the pentoxied is 18%~20% . The mixed liquor was heated to 85 ℃, adding 30 to 35. B6 sodium carbonate solution slowly at the condition of stirring and make the pH of it at the range of 8~8.4. Then, adding mother liquid of trisodium phosphate to the reactor and make the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the solution is less than 12%. After Insulated for 15~20min, the solution is filtered, concentrated and evaporated to 24~25 ° Bé. Adding the liquid caustic soda to make sodium reserve ratio to 3.24~3.26. The refined phosphate 12-hydrate can be obtained after the cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying of the solution. The reaction is
  Ca5F (PO4) 3 + 5H2SO4 + 10H2O → 3H3PO4 + 5CaSO4? 2H2O + HF
  H3PO4 + Na2CO3 → Na2HPO4 + H2O + CO2 ↑
  Na2HPO4 + NaOH →-Na3PO4 + H2O
  Thermal phosphoric acid method: Adding the phosphoric acid into the reactor and neutralize the liquid caustic soda which is slowly added into the reactor under the condition of the stirring can get the trisodium phosphate. The refined phosphate 12-hydrate can be obtained after the cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying of the solution. The reaction is
  H3PO4+3NaOH→Na3PO4+3H2O;

• Identification method

  The reaction of aqueous solution of trisodium phosphate (1 + 20) should include sodium salt reaction and phosphate reaction.
  1. Sodium salt reaction: refer to the identification methods of sodium hydroxide.
  2. Phosphate Reaction: refer to the identification methods of monocalcium phosphate.;

• Usage of food additives

  Quality improver, emulsifier and a chelating agent.
  Scope and usage: China's "food additives health standards" (GB 2760-1996) states:” Trisodium phosphate can be used for canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products and plant protein drinks, the maximum amount for the above terms is 0.5g/kg; for western-style ham and meat products, the maximum amount is 3.0g/kg; for cheese, the maximum amount is 5.0g/kg; for beverages, the maximum amount is 1.5g/kg.”
  When using composite phosphate, China has a regulation: with the total amount of phosphate, canned food and meat products cannot exceed 1.0g/kg; condensed milk cannot exceed 0.50g/kg. Using the sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and trisodium phosphate together, with the total amount of phosphate, cannot exceed 5g/kg; smoked ham for western-style cooking cannot exceed 5g/kg; for ham cannot exceed than 8g/kg.;

• Toxicity

  The Adl is at the range of 0～70 mg/kg(with the total amount of phosphate) and the LD50>2 g/kg(tested by the marmot orally). The sodium phosphate can be used in canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products and soy milk etc, the maximum amount is 0.5 g/kg.;

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