МЕТИЛФОРМИАТ
- английское имяMethyl formate
- CAS №107-31-3
- CBNumberCB9106448
- ФормулаC2H4O2
- мольный вес60.05
- EINECS203-481-7
- номер MDLMFCD00003291
- файл Mol107-31-3.mol
химическое свойство
| Температура плавления | -100 °C (lit.) |
| Температура кипения | 32-34 °C (lit.) |
| плотность | 0.974 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.) |
| плотность пара | 2.1 (vs air) |
| давление пара | 32.91 psi ( 55 °C) |
| показатель преломления | n |
| Fp | −16 °F |
| температура хранения | Store below +30°C. |
| растворимость | 300g/l, 25% soluble in water, miscible with alcohol, Propylene glycol, Glycerin and oils. |
| форма | Liquid |
| цвет | Clear colorless |
| РН | 4-5 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Запах | Pleasant; agreeable. |
| Пределы взрываемости | 5-23%(V) |
| Порог?обнаружения?запаха? | 130ppm |
| Odor Type | fruity |
| Растворимость в воде | 300 G/L (20 ºC) |
| λмакс | λ: 259 nm Amax: 1.00 λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.70 λ: 265 nm Amax: 0.20 λ: 270 nm Amax: 0.04 λ: 310-400 nm Amax: 0.01 |
| Мерк | 14,6077 |
| БРН | 1734623 |
| констант закона Генри | 0.90 at 5.00 °C, 1.18 at 10.00 °C, 1.51 at 15.00 °C, 1.91 at 20.00 °C, 2.36 at 25.00 °C (column stripping-UV, Kutsuna et al., 2005) |
| Пределы воздействия | TLV-TWA 100 ppm (～250 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); TLV-STEL 150 ppm (～375 mg/m3) (ACGIH); IDLH 5000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Диэлектрическая постоянная | 8.5（20℃） |
| Стабильность | Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point and very wide explosion limits. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. |
| LogP | -0.21 at 25℃ |
| Справочник по базе данных CAS | 107-31-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 5 |
| FDA UNII | 1MPH591FTG |
| Справочник по химии NIST | Methyl formate(107-31-3) |
| Система регистрации веществ EPA | Methyl formate (107-31-3) |
больше
| Коды опасности | F+,Xn | |||||||||
| Заявления о рисках | 12-20/22-36/37 | |||||||||
| Заявления о безопасности | 9-16-24-26-33 | |||||||||
| РИДАДР | UN 1243 3/PG 1 | |||||||||
| OEB | A | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 100 ppm (250 mg/m3), STEL: 150 ppm (375 mg/m3) | |||||||||
| WGK Германия | 1 | |||||||||
| RTECS | LQ8925000 | |||||||||
| Температура самовоспламенения | 842 °F | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| кода HS | 2915 13 00 | |||||||||
| Класс опасности | 3 | |||||||||
| Группа упаковки | I | |||||||||
| Банк данных об опасных веществах | 107-31-3(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| Токсичность | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1500 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 4000 mg/kg | |||||||||
| ИДЛА | 4,500 ppm | |||||||||
| NFPA 704: |
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H319：При попадании в глаза вызывает выраженное раздражение.
H335：Может вызывать раздражение верхних дыхательных путей.
H301+H311+H331：Токсично при проглатывании, при контакте с кожей или при вдыхании.
H224：Чрезвычайно легко воспламеняющаяся жидкость. Пары образуют с воздухом взрывоопасные смеси.
H370：Поражает органы (Глаза) в результате однократного воздействия.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P210：Беречь от тепла, горячих поверхностей, искр, открытого огня и других источников воспламенения. Не курить.
P280：Использовать перчатки/ средства защиты глаз/ лица.
P301+P310+P330：ПРИ ПРОГЛАТЫВАНИИ: Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью. Прополоскать рот.
P302+P352+P312：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ НА КОЖУ: Промыть большим количеством воды. Обратиться за медицинской помощью при плохом самочувствии.
P304+P340+P311：ПРИ ВДЫХАНИИ: Свежий воздух, покой. Обратиться за медицинской помощью.
P403+P233：Хранить в хорошо вентилируемом месте в плотно закрытой/герметичной таре.
МЕТИЛФОРМИАТ химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Methyl Formate, also known as methyl methanoate, is the methyl ester of formic acid. The simplest example of an ester, it is a clear liquid with an ethereal odour, high vapor pressure, and low surface tension. It is an aromatic compound found in apples (Neubeller and Buchloh, 1986), and was identified as a volatile constituent in brewed, roasted, and dried coffee (Lovell et al., 1980); Methyl formate is used primarily to manufacture formamide, dimethylformamide, and formic acid. It is also used as a solvent for quick-drying finishes such as lacquers and in organic synthesis.Химические свойства
Methyl formate is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Its solubility in water is 230 g/l at 25 °C (Riddick et al., 1985), but it reacts slowly with water to form formic acid and methyl alcohol (DOT, 1984). It is soluble in ether, chloroform, and is miscible with ethanol (Lide, 2000).Физические свойства
Clear, colorless, mobile liquid with a pleasant, etheral odor. An odor threshold concentration of 130 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).Использование
Methyl formate is used as a fumigant, as alarvicide for food crops, and as a solvent forcellulose acetate.Методы производства
In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows:HCOOH + CH3OH → HCOOCH3 + H2O
Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide :
CH3OH + CO → HCOOCH3
This process, practiced commercially by BASF among other companies gives 96 % selectivity toward methyl formate, although it can suffer from catalyst sensitivity to water, which can be present in the carbon monoxide feedstock, commonly derived from synthesis gas. Very dry carbon monoxide is, therefore, an essential requirement.
Определение
ChEBI: Methyl formate is a formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 ℃) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a fumigant, an insecticide and a refrigerant. It is a formate ester, a methyl ester and a volatile organic compound. It is functionally related to a methanol.Общее описание
A clear colorless liquid with an agreeable odor. Flash point -27°F. Less dense than water Vapors heavier than air.Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Water soluble. Reacts slowly with water to give formic acid, a corrosive material, and methanol, a flammable liquid. Both products are dissolved in the water.Профиль реактивности
Methyl formate reacts with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.Опасность
Flammable, dangerous fire and explosionrisk, explosive limits in air 5.9–20%. Eye, upperand lower respiratory tract irritant.Угроза здоровью
Methyl formate is a moderately toxic com pound affecting eyes, respiratory tract, andcentral nervous system. It is an irritant tothe eyes, nose, and lungs. Exposure to highconcentrations of its vapors in air may pro duce visual disturbances, irritations, narcoticeffects, and respiratory distress in humans.Such effects may be manifested at a 1-hourexposure to about 10,000-ppm concentration.Cats died of pulmonary edema from 2-hourexposure to this concentrationThe acute oral toxicity of methyl formatewas low in test subjects. The symptoms werenarcosis, visual disturbances, and dyspnea.An oral LD50 value in rabbit is in the range1600 mg/kg..
Пожароопасность
Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.Профиль безопасности
Moderately toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of vapor can cause irritation to nasal passages and conjunctiva, optic neuritis, narcosis, retching, and death from pulmonary irritation. Industrial fatalities have occurred only with exposure to high concentrations. Flammable liquid. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Reacts with methanol + sodium methoxide to form an explosive product. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.Возможный контакт
Methyl formate is used as a solvent; as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture; and as a fumigantЭкологическая судьба
Photolytic. Methyl formate, formed from the irradiation of dimethyl ether in the presence of chlorine, degraded to carbon dioxide, water, and small amounts of formic acid. Continued irradiation degraded formic acid to carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen chloride (Kallos and Tou, 1977; Good et al., 1999).A rate constant of 2.27 x 10-12 cm3/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction of methyl formate and OH radicals in the atmosphere (Atkinson, 1989).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes slowly in water forming methanol and formic acid (NIOSH, 1997). Hydrolysis half-lives reported at 25 °C: 0.91 h at pH 9, 9.1 h at pH 8, 2.19 d at pH 7, and 21.9 d at pH 6 (Mabey and Mill, 1978).
Методы очистки
Wash the formate with strong aqueous Na2CO3, dry it with solid Na2CO3 and distil it from P2O5. (Procedure removes free alcohol or acid.) [Beilstein 2 IV 20.]Несовместимости
May form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Reacts slowly with water to form methanol and formic acid. Contact with water, steam releases formic acid. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic, and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur)Утилизация отходов
Incineration; atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.использованная литература
Lee, Jae S., J. C. Kim, and Y. G. Kim. "Methyl formate as a new building block in C1 chemistry." Applied Catalysis 57.1 (1990): 1-30.Handa, Yash Paul, et al. "Insulating Thermoplastic Foams Made With Methyl Formate-Based Blowing Agents." (2006).
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