1-Нафтиламин

Химические свойства

α-Naphthylamine exists as white needle-like crystals which turn red on exposure to air. Has a weak ammonia-like odor. Solubility in water is 0.16% at 20℃. It behaves as a typical primary aromatic amine in forming salts with strong acids (but not with acetic or benzoic acid) and readily forming N-acyl derivatives. 1-Naphthylamine couples with diazo compounds in the 4-position, with up to 10 % byproduct being formed by coupling in the 2-position.

Физические свойства

White to yellow crystals or rhombic needles with an unpleasant odor. Becomes purplish-red on exposure to air. Odor threshold concentrations were 140–290 μg/m3 (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).

Использование

1-Naphthylamine is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a wide variety of chemicals, the most important of which include dyes, tonic prints, Toning prints made with cerium salts, antioxidants, and herbicides.

прикладной

1-Naphthylamine is mainly used for the production of 1-naphthol. Other major uses are in the production of aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid dye intermediates and as a component of azo dyes.
1-Naphthylamine can also be used as a starting material to synthesize:
[(S)-HY-Phos], a novel chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligand for use in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of various functionalized olefins.
N-(naphthalen-1-yl)picolinamide.
Pitnot-2, an inactive analog of clathrin inhibitor Pitstop 2.

Подготовка

1-Naphthylamine is prepared by reduction of 1-nitronaphthalene: Purified 1-nitronaphthalene was traditionally reduced with iron in boiling dilute hydrochloric acid, but modern plants use hydrogenation with a nickel catalyst. The 1-naphthylamine produced is further purified by distillation under vacuum. The content of 2-naphthylamine in the commercial product is specified at <10 ppm.

Определение

ChEBI: 1-naphthylamine is a naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite.

Общее описание

1-naphthylamine appears as a crystalline solid or a solid dissolved in a liquid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Sensitive to exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water. Napthyl amines can be slowly hydrolyzed, releasing NH3 as a byproduct [N.L. Drake, Org. React. 1, (1942), 105].

Профиль реактивности

1-Aminonaphthalene is incompatible with oxidizing agents. 1-Aminonaphthalene is also incompatible with nitrous acid. 1-Aminonaphthalene reduces warm ammoniacal silver nitrate. .

Опасность

Toxic, especially if containing the β isomer; a questionable carcinogen.

Угроза здоровью

1-Naphthylamine is a moderately toxic and cancer-causing substance. The toxic symptoms arising from oral intake or skin absorption of this compound include acute hemorrhagic cystitis, dyspnea, ataxia, dysuria, and hematuria. An intraperitoneal LD50 value in mice is 96 mg/kg. Inhalation of dusts or vapors is hazardous, showing similar symptoms. 1-Naphthylamine caused leukemia in rats. There is substantial evidence of its cancer-causing effects in animals and humans.

Пожароопасность

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic nitrogen oxides are produced in a fire.

Профиль безопасности

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Along with p-naphthylamine and benzidine, it has been incriminated as a cause of urinary bladder cancer. Poison by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Incompatible with nitrous acid. To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2, mist, spray. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Возможный контакт

α-Naphthylamine is used as an intermediate in dye production; for manufacturing herbicides and antioxidants; in the manufacture of condensation colors, rubber, and in the synthesis of many chemicals, such as α-naphthol, sodium naphthionate; o-naphthionic acid; Neville and Winther’s acid; sulfonated naphthylamines, α-naphthylthiourea (a rodenticide); and N-phenyl- α-naphthylamine.

Канцерогенность

1-Naphthylamine has been tested for carcinogenic activity in mice, hamsters, and dogs by oral administration, in newborn mice by SC injection, and in mice by bladder implantation. Most of these studies reported negative findings, while a few found marginal or equivocal results. In contrast, with the exception of bladder implantation study, 2-naphthylamine gave positive results in virtually all these studies. Mixed results were reported in various genotoxicity tests. 1-Naphthylamine was positive in the Ames test and in vitro chromosome aberration, negative in micronucleus, cell transformation, and recessive lethal mutation in Drosophila, and inconclusive in sister chromatid exchange assays.

Перевозки

UN2077 alpha-Naphthylamine, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. PGIII.

Методы очистки

Sublime the amine at 120o in a stream of nitrogen, then crystallise it from pet ether (b 60-80o), or absolute EtOH then diethyl ether. Dry it in vacuo in an Abderhalden pistol. It has also been purified by crystallisation of its hydrochloride (see below) from water, followed by liberation of the free base and distillation; it is finally purified by zone melting. The styphnate has m 181-182o (from EtOH). [Beilstein 12 III 2846, 12 IV 3009.] CARCINOGEN.

Несовместимости

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, nitrous acid, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, aldehydes. Oxidizes on contact with air.

Утилизация отходов

Controlled incineration whereby oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubber, catalyst, or thermal device. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.