Аллиламин

Описание

Allylamine is a primary unsaturated alkylamine and in this review refers to monoallylamine. Allylamine can also be used generically to describe the secondary (diallyl-) and tertiary (triallyl-) amine derivatives of monoallylamine, as well as other more complex alkylamines. Allylamine is a colorless, flammable liquid and is volatile and reactive with oxidizing materials. Allylamine has a strong ammonia odor, is acutely toxic by all routes of exposure, and produces cardiotoxicity in a manner that has been well characterized by in vivo and in vitro methods. In addition to its use as an industrial chemical, allylamine is utilized as a model compound for basic research investigations into mechanisms of cardiovascular disease based on the nature of the cardiac and vascular lesions observed following allylamine exposure.

Химические свойства

Allylamine is a highly flammable, colorless liquid. Strong ammonia odor.

Использование

Allylamine ismanufactured fromallyl chloride andammonia. It is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses, including the synthesis of rubber, mercurial diuretics, sedatives, and antiseptics (238). It is also used in the synthesis of ion-exchange resins.

Методы производства

Allylamine is produced by reaction of allyl chloride with ammonia. The amine is also a natural constituent of foodstuffs (Shumkova and Karpova 1981; Mochalov et al 1981) and is present in wastewater from oil shale retorting (Daughton et al 1985).

Общее описание

A colorless to light yellow colored liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Flash point below 0°F. Boiling point 130°F. Used to make pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Профиль реактивности

Allylamine reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents and acids. Attacks copper and copper compounds [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 123]. Reacts with hypochlorites to give N-chloroamines, some of which are explosives when isolated [Bretherick 1979. p. 108].

Угроза здоровью

Allylamine is a strong eye and respiratory tract irritant (Windholz et al 1983) and exposure to it causes transient irritation of mucous membranes of the nose, eye and mouth with lacrimation, coryza and sneezing (HSDB 1989). Exposure to 14 p.p.m. allylamine caused intolerable irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract (Grant 1974).

Пожароопасность

Flammable when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air over a wide range. Use caution when approaching fire and applying water. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Can react with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition, Allylamine emits toxic fumes. Avoid oxidizing materials. Stable, avoid heating to decomposition. May become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water with non-violent release of energy.

Промышленное использование

Allylamine is used in the synthesis of ion-exchange resins and for water-dispersible copolymers useful for water purification and as flocculating agents (Schweizer et al 1978). The amine is also used for the preparation of pharmaceuticals including mercurial diuretics and antifungal agents (HSDB 1989).

Профиль безопасности

Poison by inhalation, ingestion, intraperitoneal, and skin contact routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lacrymation and lung effects. A systemic irritant. Mutation data reported. A severe eye and skin irritant. Extraordnary precautions against fumes are advised. Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidzers. Highly reactive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. See also ALLYL COMPOUNDS and AMINES.

Возможный контакт

Compound

Экологическая судьба

Allylamine exposure results in myocardial damage and intimal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in multiple animal species. The mechanism for these distinctive cardiovascular lesions is believed to be related to its bioactivation to acrolein and possibly hydrogen peroxide. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis; SSAO is highly active in vascular tissue where allylamine predominantly distributes, incubation of homogenates of vascular tissue with allylamine results in the generation of acrolein and hydrogen peroxide,and pretreatment with a semicarbazide inhibitor of SSAO reduces or eliminates the hypercontraction and vasospasm associated with allylamine exposure in vitro. Researchers have taken advantage of the distinctive lesions that result from various exposures to allylamine and have used it as chemical tool to induce animal models of cardiovascular dysfunction that resemble human disease.

Перевозки

UN2334 Allylamine, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquids, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.

Методы очистки

Purify allylamine by fractional distillation from calcium chloride. It causes sneezing and tears. [Beilstein 4 IV 1057.]

Несовместимости

May form explosive mixture with air. Oxidizing materials and acids may cause a violent reaction. Attacks copper and corrodes active metals (i.e., aluminum, zinc, etc.).

Утилизация отходов

High temperature incineration; encapsulation by resin or silicate fixation.