Холестерин
- английское имяCholesterol
- CAS №57-88-5
- CBNumberCB7383339
- ФормулаC27H46O
- мольный вес386.66
- EINECS200-353-2
- номер MDLMFCD00003646
- файл Mol57-88-5.mol
химическое свойство
| Температура плавления | 148-150 °C |
| альфа | -36 º (c=2, dioxane) |
| Температура кипения | 360 °C |
| плотность | 1.06 |
| показатель преломления | 1.5250 (estimate) |
| Fp | 250 °C |
| температура хранения | -20°C |
| растворимость | H2O: 0.002 mg/mL |
| пка | 15.03±0.70(Predicted) |
| форма | powder |
| Удельный вес | 1.067 |
| цвет | white |
| Запах | wh. or faintly yel. pearly granules or crystals, almost odorless |
| Растворимость в воде | negligible |
| Мерк | 14,2201 |
| БРН | 1915888 |
| Диэлектрическая постоянная | 2.9（Ambient） |
| ИнЧИКей | HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N |
| LogP | 9.619 (est) |
| FDA 21 CFR | 101.9 |
| Справочник по базе данных CAS | 57-88-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 1 |
| Словарь онкологических терминов NCI | cholesterol |
| FDA UNII | 97C5T2UQ7J |
| МАИР | 3 (Vol. 31, Sup 7) 1987 |
| Справочник по химии NIST | Cholesterol(57-88-5) |
| Система регистрации веществ EPA | Cholesterol (57-88-5) |
| Информация о косметике | Cholesterol |
больше
| Коды опасности | Xn,Xi |
| Заявления о рисках | 10-48/20/22-40-38-22-36/37/38-67-36/38-20-63 |
| Заявления о безопасности | 24/25-22-36/37-36-26 |
| РИДАДР | UN 1170 3/PG 3 |
| WGK Германия | 1 |
| RTECS | FZ8400000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| кода HS | 2906 13 10 |
| Класс опасности | IRRITANT |
| Банк данных об опасных веществах | 57-88-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Токсичность | Present in all parts of the animal body; concentrated in spinal cord, brain, skin secretions, and gallstones. An unsaturated, unsaponifiable alcohol (m.p. 149℃). It is synthesized in the body from ethanoate units; its metabolism is regulated by a specific set of enzymes. It is the parent compound of many other steroids and its presence in high concentrations in the blood is suspected as being a contributory factor in cardiovascular disease. |
рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H315：При попадании на кожу вызывает раздражение.
H319：При попадании в глаза вызывает выраженное раздражение.
H302：Вредно при проглатывании.
H372：Поражает органы в результате многократного или продолжительного воздействия.
H351：Предполагается, что данное вещество вызывает раковые заболевания.
H336：Может вызывать сонливость или головокружение.
H361d：Предполагается, что данное вещество может отрицательно повлиять на неродившегося ребенка.
H331：Токсично при вдыхании.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P201：Беречь от тепла, горячих поверхностей, искр, открытого огня и других источников воспламенения. Не курить.
P261：Избегать вдыхания пыли/ дыма/ газа/ тумана/ паров/ аэрозолей.
P304+P340+P312：ПРИ ВДЫХАНИИ: Свежий воздух, покой. Обратиться за медицинской помощью при плохом самочувствии.
P305+P351+P338：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ В ГЛАЗА: Осторожно промыть глаза водой в течение нескольких минут. Снять контактные линзы, если Вы ими пользуетесь и если это легко сделать. Продолжить промывание глаз.
P308+P313：ПРИ подозрении на возможность воздействия обратиться за медицинской помощью.
P403+P233：Хранить в хорошо вентилируемом месте в плотно закрытой/герметичной таре.
Холестерин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance that is a steroidal alcohol or sterol. It is the most abundant steroid in the human body and is a component of every cell. Cholesterol is essential to life and most animals and many plants contain this compound. Cholesterol biosynthesis occurs primarily in the liver, but it may be produced in other organs. A number of other substances are synthesized from cholesterol including vitamin D, steroid hormones (including the sex hormones), and bile salts. Cholesterol resides mainly in cell membranes.Humans produce about 1 gram of cholesterol daily in the liver. Dietary cholesterol is consumed through food. High cholesterol foods are associated with saturated fats and trans-fatty acids (commonly called trans fats). Dietary cholesterol comes from animal products (plants contain minute amounts of cholesterol) such as meats and dairy products.
Химические свойства
Cholesterol occurs as white or faintly yellow, almost odorless, pearly leaflets, needles, powder, or granules. On prolonged exposure to light and air, cholesterol acquires a yellow to tan color.История
Cholesterol was discovered in 1769 by Poulletier dela Salle (1719–1787), who isolated the compound from bile and gallstones. It was rediscovered by Michel Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889) in 1815 and named cholesterine. The name comes from the Greek words khole meaning bile and steros meaning solid or stiff . The “ine” ending was later changed to “ol” to designate it as an alcohol.Использование
Cholesterol is a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tis sues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones.Определение
cholesterol: A sterol occurringwidely in animal tissues and also insome higher plants and algae. It canexist as a free sterol or esterified witha long-chain fatty acid. Cholesterol isabsorbed through the intestine ormanufactured in the liver. It servesprincipally as a constituent of bloodplasma lipoproteins and of thelipid–protein complexes that formcell membranes. It is also importantas a precursor of various steroids, especiallythe bile acids, sex hormones,and adrenocorticoid hormones. Thederivative 7-dehydrocholesterol isconverted to vitamin D3 by the actionof sunlight on skin. Increased levelsof dietary and blood cholesterol havebeen associated with atherosclerosis,a condition in which lipids accumulateon the inner walls of arteries andeventually obstruct blood flow.Методы производства
The commercial material is normally obtained from the spinal cord of cattle by extraction with petroleum ethers, but it may also be obtained from wool fat. Purification is normally accomplished by repeated bromination. Cholesterol may also be produced by entirely synthetic means.Cholesterol produced from animal organs will always contain cholestanol and other saturated sterols.
Общее описание
Cholesterol is a minor sterol present in plants. It is majorly associated with the plant membranes and is a constituent of leaf surface lipids.Опасность
Questionable carcinogen.Фармацевтические приложения
Cholesterol is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical formulations at concentrations of 0.3–5.0% w/w as an emulsifying agent. It imparts water-absorbing power to an ointment and has emollient activity.Cholesterol also has a physiological role. It is the major sterol of the higher animals, and it is found in all body tissues, especially in the brain and spinal cord. It is also the main constituent of gallstones.
Профиль безопасности
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Used in pharmaceutical and dermal preparations as an emulsifying agent. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.Безопасность
Cholesterol is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material at the levels employed as an excipient. It has, however, exhibited experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects, and mutation data have been reported.Cholesterol is often derived from animal sources and this must be done in accordance with the regulations for human consumption. The risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) contamination has caused some concern over the use of animalderived cholesterol in pharmaceutical products. However, synthetic methods of cholesterol manufacture have been developed.
хранилище
Cholesterol is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light.Методы очистки
Crystallise cholesterol from ethyl acetate, EtOH or isopropyl ether/MeOH. [Hiromitsu & Kevan J Am Chem Soc 109 4501 1987.] For extensive details of purification through the dibromide, see Fieser [J Am Chem Soc 75 5421 1953] and Schwenk and Werthessen [Arch Biochem Biophys 40 334 1952], and by repeated crystallisation from acetic acid; see Fieser [J Am Chem Soc 75 4395 1953]. Like many sterols, cholesterol gives colour reactions with conc H2SO4: When cholesterol is dissolved in a small volume of CHCl3 and mixed with conc H2SO4, the colour of the organic layer becomes crimson, then changes to purple and on further standing in air it turns to blue, then green and finally yellow. The H2SO4 layer develops a green fluorescence. [Beilstein 6 III 2607, 6 IV 4000.]Несовместимости
Cholesterol is precipitated by digitonin.Регуляторный статус
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; ophthalmic, topical, and vaginal preparations).Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Холестерин запасные части и сырье
Холестерин поставщик
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