Витамин D3

Химические свойства

White or colorless crystalline solid. Odorless;

Использование

Vitamin D3 analogue.

Показания

Vitamin D is the collective term for a group of compounds formed by the action of ultraviolet irradiation on sterols. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) and calciferol (vitamin D₂) are formed by irradiation of the provitamins 7- dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol, respectively. The conversion to vitamin D3 occurs in the skin. The liver is the principal storage site for vitamin D, and it is here that the vitamin is hydroxylated to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Additional hydroxylation to form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D occurs in the kidney in response to the need for calcium and phosphate

Определение

A free vitamin D 3, isolated in crystalline state from the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, produced by irradiation, and equivalent in activity to vitamin D3 of tunaliver oil.

Общее описание

Fine colorless crystals. Water insoluble.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Sensitive to moisture, air and light. . Water insoluble.

Профиль реактивности

Vitamin D3 may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas.

Угроза здоровью

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to Vitamin D3 may include weakness, fatigue, lassitude headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, decrease urinary concentrating ability, proteinuria, tissue calcification, hypertension and osteoporosis.

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for Vitamin D3 are not available. Vitamin D3 is probably combustible.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Rodenticide: Used in bait for vermin control. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has an important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. Not approved for use in EU countries. Registered for use in the U.S. and other countries.

Торговое название

DELSTEROL®; DEPARAL®; D3- VIGANTOL®; QUINTOX®; RAMPAGE®; RICKETON®; TRIVITAN®; VIGORSAN®; VITINC DAN-DEE-3®

Механизм действия

1, 25-(OH)₂D₃ exerts its influence within target tissues through high-affinity sterol-specific intracellular receptor proteins.The D₃ receptor, similar to steroid receptor systems, translocates the hormone from the cell cytoplasm to the nucleus, where biological response is initiated via transcription and translation.

Клиническое использование

The principal disorder associated with inadequate vitamin D intake is rickets. The low blood calcium and phosphate levels that occur during vitamin D deficiency stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion to restore calcium levels. In children, this deficiency leads to the formation of soft bones that become deformed easily; in adults, osteomalacia results from the removal of calcium from the bone.Vitamin D deficiency may occur in patients with metabolic disorders, such as hypoparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. The requirement for vitamin D is slightly higher in members of darker-pigmented races, since melanin interferes with the irradiation that produces vitamin D₃ in the skin. People with limited exposure to the sun may need to supplement vitamin D intake.

Побочные эффекты

The hypercalcemia resulting from hypervitaminosis D is responsible for toxic symptoms such as muscle weakness, bone pain, anorexia, ectopic calcification, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. Toxicity in infants can result in mental and physical retardation, renal failure, and death.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Возможный контакт

Sterol rodenticide used in bait for vermin control. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has an important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. Not approved for use in EU countries

Метаболический путь

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is the mammalian form of vitamin D. It is normally produced in the skin by the action of UV light on its precursor, 7- dehydrocholesterol. Essential amounts of the vitamin are obtained thus or from dietary sources such as fish oils. The active form of the vitamin is 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol. Its formation occurs in two stages: 25- hydroxylation in the liver, followed by 1-hydroxylation in the kidney (see Engstrom and Koszewski, 1989 and references cited therein).

Перевозки

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required

Методы очистки

It is converted into its 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl ester and crystallised repeatedly from acetone. The ester is then saponified and the free vitamin is isolated. [Laughland & Phillips Anal Chem 28 817 1956, Beilstein 6 III 2811, 6 IV 4149.]

Несовместимости

Sensitive to air, light, and moisture. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Утилизация отходов

Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material’s impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.