Витамин D2

Описание

Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium and has central roles in bone formation and maintenance, hypertension, cancer and immunity. Vitamin D may be obtained from many dietary sources, including eggs and fish, and is synthesized in the skin by the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D₃ by ultraviolet light. Vitamin D₂ is produced in fungi, including yeast, and invertebrates from ergosterol in response to ultraviolet radiation. In vertebrates as well as host organisms, vitamin D₂ is metabolized first to 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ and subsequently to the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂. Differences in the metabolism and action of vitamin D₂ vs. vitamin D₃ in mammals is a current topic of research interest.

Химические свойства

Ergocalciferol is an odorless white crystalline solid

Использование

Vitamin d2 is fat-soluble, and is stable unless oxidized. It is necessary for growth and maintenance of teeth and bones and the normal utilization of calcium and phosphorus; it is used medicinally in the treatment of rickets and as a dietary supplement. Its sources include fish liver and vitamin d-fortified milk.

Определение

ChEBI: A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.

Общее описание

Odorless white crystals. Used as a dietary supplement and food additive.

Профиль реактивности

Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Угроза здоровью

Vitamin D2 poisoning disturbs calcium metabolism and causes kidney damage. Vitamin D2 in a single acute ingestion presents no toxic hazards. Daily ingestion in excess of 5000 units/day in children or 7500 units/day in adults will produce toxic symptoms associated with hypervitaminosis D. Those with hypercalcemia are at a greater risk.

Пожароопасность

Shows signs of decomposition when stored for a few days at room temperature.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by ingestion: anorexia, nausea or vomiting, and weight loss. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Возможный контакт

Used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement food additive

Метаболический путь

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is a product made by the UV irradiation of yeast ergosterol. It is a common form of vitamin D and it has very similar biological activity to that of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the treatment of the vitamin D deficiency diseases (e.g. rickets). The bioactive form of this vitamin is also the 1,25-dihydroxy-derivative and this has equal antirachitic activity to that of the cholecalciferol analogue (Jones et al., 1975).

Перевозки

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials

Методы очистки

It is converted into its 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl ester and crystallised repeatedly from acetone. The ester is then saponified and the free vitamin is isolated. [Laughland & Phillips Anal Chem 28 817 1956, Beilstein 6 IV 4404.]

Несовместимости

Dust may be combustible and may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides.

Утилизация отходов

Dispose of contents and container to an approved waste disposal plant. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffeegrounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.