Лимонная кислота, тризодий соль

Описание

Sodium citrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citric acid (though most commonly the third):
Mono sodium citrate
Di sodium citrate
Tri sodium citrate
As food additives, the 3 forms of the salt are also collectively known by the E number E331.

Химические свойства

Sodium citrate is odorless and has a pleasant, acid taste. Sodium citrate is anhydrous or contains two molecules of water of crystallization

Вхождение

Citric acid and its salts occur naturally in many plants and animals.

Использование

sodium citrate may be used in cosmetic formulations as an alkalizer and to bind trace metals in solutions (by means of a chelating action). It is the sodium salt of citric acid.

Подготовка

Produced by the neutralization of citric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. May be prepared in an anhydrous state or may contain 2 mole of water per mole of sodium citrate.

прикладной

2 – 1 - Food
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive E331, usually for flavor or as a preservative. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda. Sodium citrate is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready to drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavour.
2 – 2 - Buffer
As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH. Sodium citrate is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts. It can be found in the mini milk containers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka- Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.
2 – 3 - Medical uses
In 1914, the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin and the Argentine physician and researcher Luis Agote successfully used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions. It continues to be used today in blood collection tubes and for the preservation of blood in blood banks. The citrate ion chelates calcium ions in the blood by forming calcium citrate complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.
Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative. It is a major component of the WHO Oral Rehydration Solution.

Общее описание

Citric acid trisodium salt corresponds to a molecular weight of 258 Da. It has high sodium content and sieving coefficients.

Пищевая добавка

Sodium citrate is some times used as an acidity regulator in drinks, and also as an emulsifier for oils when making cheese. It allows the cheeses to melt with out becoming greasy. Consider the following quote from Modernist Cuisine:
Our modernist version of mac and cheese owes its chemistry to James L. Kraft, who in 1916 patented the first American cheese slice. He showed that sodium phosphate keeps the water and fat droplets mixed when the cheese is melted. We use sodium citrate, which has the same effect and is easier to find. The resulting texture is as smooth as melted American cheese, but as complex and intense in flavor as any of your favorite cheeses.

Методы очистки

Crystallise the salt from warm water by cooling to 0o. [Beilstein 3 III 1100, 3 IV 1274.]