3,5-дибром-4-гидроксибензонитрил

Химические свойства

Bromoxynil is a colorless to white crystalline solid or tan powder. Odorless (pure).

Использование

Bromoxynil is a nitrile herbicide. Bromoxynil is effective in post-emergent control of broad leaf weeds in cereal, corn, sorghum, onions, flax, mint, turf, and on non-cropland.

Определение

ChEBI: A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.

Общее описание

Colorless solid. Melting point 382-384°F (194-195°C). Sublimes at 275°F (135°C) under pressure of 0.15 mm Hg. Used as a herbicide.

Профиль реактивности

Bromoxynil is a weak acid.

Опасность

Toxic.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Herbicide: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). For post-emergent control of broadleaf weeds. Used on alfalfa, garlic, corn, sorghum, flax, cereals, turf and on pasture and rangelands.

Торговое название

BRIOTRIL®; BRUCIL®; BRITTOX®; BROMINAL®; BROMINEX®; BROMINAL®; BROMINAL ME-4®; BROMINIL®; BROMILIL PLUS®; Bromox 2E; BROMOTRIL®; BROMOXYNIL NITRILE HERBICIDE®; BRONATE®; BROXYNIL®; BUCTRIL® Bromoxynil; BUCTRIL® GEL HERBICIDE (octanoate); BUCTRIL® 4EC GEL (mixture of bromoxynil octanoate + bromoxynil heptanoate); BUCTRIL INDUSTRIAL®; CHIPCO BUCTRIL®; CHIPCO CRAB-KLEEN®; FLAGON®, 400 EC; HOBANE®; LABUCTRIL®; LITAROL®; M&B 10064®; MB 10064®; MB 10731® (octanoate); M&B 10731®; ME4 BROMINAL®; MERIT®; MEXTROL-BIOX®; MOXY 2E®; NCR CE EE DOV7® (octanoate); NU-LAWN WEEDER®; OXYTRIL M®; PARDNER®; SABRE®; TORCH®

Возможный контакт

Bromoxynil is a hydroxybenzonitrile herbicide used for postemergent control of broadleaf weeds; on alfalfa, garlic, corn, sorghum, flax, cereals, turf and on pasture and rangelands. A United States Environmental Protection Agency RUP.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Duke et al. (1991) reported that bromoxynil can be converted to 3,5- dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid by a microbial nitrolase.
Soil. In soils, Klebsiella pneumoniae metabolized bromoxynil to 3,5-dibromo-4- hydroxybenzoic acid and ammonia (McBride et al., 1986). In soil, bromoxynil undergoes nitrile and then amide hydrolysis yielding 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and
Nitrification in soils is inhibited when bromacil is applied at a concentration of <50 ppm (Debona and Audus, 1970). The half-life in soil is approximately 10 days (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Plant. In plants, the cyano group is hydrolyzed to an amido group which is subsequently oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Hydrolyzes to hydroxybenzoic acid (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). In plants, bromoxynil may hydrolyze to a benzoic acid (Humburg et al., 1989). Bromoxynil-resistant cotton was recently developed by inserting a bxn gene cloned from the soil bacterium Klebsiella ozaenae. This gene, which encodes a specific nitrolase, converted bromoxynil to its primary metabolite 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (Stalker et al., 1988).
Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and bromine when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). Reacts with bases forming water-soluble salts (Worthing and Hance, 1991). Bromacil is stable to UV light (Hartley and Kidd, 19

Перевозки

UN2588 Pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Несовместимости

A weak acid; keep away from bases and alkalies. React with boranes, alkalies, aliphatic amines, amides, nitric acid, sulfuric acid. Keep away from oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.) and strong acids.

Утилизация отходов

Do not discharge into drains or sewers. Dispose of waste material as hazardous waste using a licensed disposal contractor to an approved landfill. Incineration with effluent gas scrubbing is recommended. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. If allowed, Incineration with effluent gas scrubbing is recommended. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.