Осмия тетроксид
- английское имяOsmium tetroxide
- CAS №20816-12-0
- CBNumberCB0853316
- ФормулаO4Os
- мольный вес254.23
- EINECS244-058-7
- номер MDLMFCD00011150
- файл Mol20816-12-0.mol
химическое свойство
| Температура плавления | 40°C | ||||||||||||||
| Температура кипения | 130 °C | ||||||||||||||
| плотность | 1.04 | ||||||||||||||
| Плотность накопления | 1500kg/m3 | ||||||||||||||
| плотность пара | 8.8 (vs air) | ||||||||||||||
| давление пара | 7 mmHg at 20 °C | ||||||||||||||
| Fp | -40 °C | ||||||||||||||
| температура хранения | 2-8°C | ||||||||||||||
| растворимость | Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, ammonium hydroxide, phosphorus oxychloride and carbon tetrachloride | ||||||||||||||
| форма | Solution | ||||||||||||||
| цвет | White to yellow,or lemon yellow | ||||||||||||||
| Удельный вес | 5.10 | ||||||||||||||
| Запах | Acrid, chlorine-like odor detectable at 2 ppm (20 mg/m3) | ||||||||||||||
| РН | 6 (20°C, 25g/L in H2O) | ||||||||||||||
| Растворимость в воде | Soluble in chloroform, alcohol and ethers.Soluble in water, organic solvents, benzene, alcohol, ether, ammonium hydroxide, phosphorus oxychloride and carbon tetrachloride. | ||||||||||||||
| Чувствительный | Air Sensitive | ||||||||||||||
| Мерк | 14,6893 | ||||||||||||||
| crystal system | Monoclinic | ||||||||||||||
| Space group | C2/c | ||||||||||||||
| Lattice constant |
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| Стабильность | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, hydrogen chloride, organic materials, finely powdered metals. | ||||||||||||||
| Справочник по базе данных CAS | 20816-12-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | ||||||||||||||
| Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| FDA UNII | P40W033BGM | ||||||||||||||
| Справочник по химии NIST | Osmium tetraoxide(20816-12-0) | ||||||||||||||
| Система регистрации веществ EPA | Osmium tetroxide (20816-12-0) | ||||||||||||||
| UNSPSC Code | 12352303 | ||||||||||||||
| NACRES | NA.55 |
больше
| Коды опасности | O,T,C,T+,F,Xi,Xn | |||||||||
| Заявления о рисках | 8-23/24/25-40-34-26/27/28-42/43-11-67-66-36/37/38-19-36/38-36/37 | |||||||||
| Заявления о безопасности | 17-26-27-36/37/39-45-7/9-36/37-16-28-23 | |||||||||
| РИДАДР | UN 3175 4.1/PG 2 | |||||||||
| OEB | E | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 0.002 mg/m3 (0.0002 ppm), STEL: 0.006 mg/m3 (0.0006 ppm) | |||||||||
| WGK Германия | 3 | |||||||||
| RTECS | RN1140000 | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| Класс опасности | 6.1 | |||||||||
| Группа упаковки | I | |||||||||
| кода HS | 28439090 | |||||||||
| Банк данных об опасных веществах | 20816-12-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| Токсичность | LD50 oral (rat) 14 mg/kg LCLO inhal (rat) 40 ppm (4 h) PEL (OSHA) 0.0002 ppm (0.002 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 0.0002 ppm (0.002 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 0.0006 ppm (0.006 mg/m3) | |||||||||
| ИДЛА | 1 mg Os/m3 | |||||||||
| NFPA 704: |
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H300+H310+H330：Смертельно при проглатывании, при контакте с кожей или при вдыхании.
H314：При попадании на кожу и в глаза вызывает химические ожоги.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P260：Не вдыхать газ/ пары/ пыль/ аэрозоли/ дым/ туман.
P270：При использовании продукции не курить, не пить, не принимать пищу.
P280：Использовать перчатки/ средства защиты глаз/ лица.
P303+P361+P353：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ НА КОЖУ (или волосы): Снять/удалить немедленно всю загрязненную одежду. Промыть кожу водой.
P304+P340+P310：ПРИ ВДЫХАНИИ: Свежий воздух, покой. Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.
P305+P351+P338：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ В ГЛАЗА: Осторожно промыть глаза водой в течение нескольких минут. Снять контактные линзы, если Вы ими пользуетесь и если это легко сделать. Продолжить промывание глаз.
Осмия тетроксид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Osmium tetroxide is a strong oxidant. Numerous organic substances reduce it to black osmium dioxide (OsO2) or to osmium metal.Физические свойства
Pale, yellow crystalline solid; chlorine-like acrid odor; monoclinic crystals having terahedral structure; density 5.1 g/cm3; melts at 40.6°C; vaporizes at 129.7°C; sublimation begins below its boiling point; vapor pressure 11 torr at 27°C; critical temperature 405°C; critical pressure 170 atm; moderately soluble in water, 7.24 g/100mL at 25°C; soluble in most organic solvents.Использование
Osmium tetroxide is used in histopathological laboratories to stain the adipose tissue and as a stabilizing agent in scanning electron microscopy. In the chemical industry, it is used as a catalyst in the organic synthesis, particularly as the oxidizing agent in olefin-to-glycol conversion (546, 567). In the past, osmium tetroxide in the form of aqueous solution was used in forensic medicine to examine fingerprints. Osmium tetroxide is also used in medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Методы производства
Osmium tetroxide is obtained by heating, at 300–400°C, finely divided osmium metal in the stream of air or oxygen (546). Commercially, it is received during osmium smelting and platinum annealing. Osmium tetroxide may also be produced by oxidizing osmium with aqua regia or nitric acid. It is often formed at room temperature from osmium metal powder.Подготовка
Osmium tetroxide is obtained as an intermediate during recovery of osmium metal from osmiridium or other noble metal minerals (See Osmium). In general, oxidation of an aqueous solution of an osmium salt or complex, such as sodium osmate with nitric acid, yields the volatile tetroxide which may be distilled out from the solution. In the laboratory, the compound can be prepared by oxidation of the osmium tetrachloride, OsCl4, or other halide solutions with sodium hypochlorite followed by distillation.Osmium tetroxide may also be produced by heating finely divided osmium metal in a stream of oxygen or air at 300 to 400°C.
Определение
ChEBI: An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.Общее описание
A colorless or yellow solid with a pungent odor of chlorine. Melting point about 104°F. Boiling point 266°F (begins to sublime below melting point). Density 4.9 g / cm3. Soluble in alcohol. Toxic by inhalation and a strong irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes.Реакции воздуха и воды
Soluble in water.Профиль реактивности
Osmium tetraoxide is incompatible with hydrochloric acid andeasily oxidized organic materials. Contact with other materials may cause fire. . Reacted explosively with1-methylimidazole [J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1979, 1084].Опасность
Osmium tetroxide is poisonous by all routes of exposure. The vapor is an eye irritant and can produce tears and damage. The vapor also can cause upper respiratory tract irritation.LD50 oral (mouse): 162 mg/kg
LCLO inhalation (mouse): 40 ppm (104 mg/m 3)/4 hr.
Угроза здоровью
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.Пожароопасность
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.Воспламеняемость и взрывоопасность
NoncombustibleПрофиль безопасности
Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation and other eye effects and structural or functional changes in trachea or bronch. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explodes on contact with 1 -methylimidazole. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be hazardous. See also OSMIUMВозможный контакт
Osmium may be alloyed with platinum metals, iron, cobalt, and nickel; and it forms compounds withtin and zinc. The alloy with iridium is used in the manufacture of fountain pen points, engraving tool; record player needles; electrical contacts; compass needles; fine machine bearings; and parts for watch and lock mechanisms. The metal is a catalyst in the synthesis of ammonia; and in the dehydrogenation of organic compounds. It is also used as a stain for histological examination of tissues. Osmium tetroxide is used as an oxidizing agent, catalyst, and as a fixative for tissues in electron microscopy. Other osmium compounds find use in photography. Osmium no longer is used in incandescent lights or in fingerprinting.хранилище
In particular, all work with osmium tetroxide should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact. Osmium tetroxide as solid or solutions should be stored in tightly sealed containers, and these should be placed in secondary containers.Несовместимости
Osmium tetroxide is a strong oxidizer. Reacts with combustibles and reducing materials. Reacts with hydrochloric acid to form toxic chlorine gas. Forms unstable compounds with alkalis.Утилизация отходов
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.Осмия тетроксид запасные части и сырье
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