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Chemical Properties
white to beige solid
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Chemical Properties
The cyanopyridines are as follows: 2-cyano-:
A white to tan liquid or solid. Almond odor. Boiling
point=2213℃
; freezing/melting point=27℃
; flash
point=89℃
. 3-cyano-: a colorless liquid or gray crystal-
line solid.
-
Uses
3-Cyanopyridine is used in the preparation of arylthiazolines and arylimidazolines via dibromodimethylhydantoin-catalyzed condensation of aryl nitriles with ethylene diamine or aminoethanethiol.
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Definition
ChEBI: A nitrile that is pyridine substituted by a cyano group at position 3.
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Synthesis Reference(s)
Tetrahedron Letters, 29, p. 2155, 1988 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)86697-6
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Potential Exposure
Limits in Air
NIOSH IDLH525 mg/m3
NIOSH REL: (nitriles) 2 ppm, Ceiling Concentration, not
to be exceeded in any 15-minute work period.
-
Shipping
UN3276 Nitriles, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required, Potential Inhalation Hazard (Special
Provision 5).
-
Purification Methods
It is recrystallised to constant melting point from o-xylene/hexane. [Beilstein 22/2 V 115.]
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Incompatibilities
Oxidizing agents, such as perchlorates,
peroxides, and permanganates. Nitriles may polymerize in
the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They
are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong
oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions.
Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing
agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of
bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles
are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give car-
boxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions
generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles
can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and
propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than
propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also
insoluble in aqueous acids
.
