CYCLOTHIAZIDE

Cyclothiazide (2259-96-3) is a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors acting at a site distinct from that of 2,3-benzodiazepines.1,2 Clinically useful diuretic and antihypertensive agent.3 Induces robust epileptiform activity, inducing seizures but without neuronal death.4,5 Can be used to produce a new animal model for epilepsy.5

Anhydron,Lilly,US,1963

Diuretic; antihypertensive. A subunit-specific inhibitor of GABAC receptors.

Cyclothiazide has been used as a α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) desensitization blocker to study the effects of γ2 on receptor desensitization.

ChEBI: 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension a d oedema.

A mixture of 8.5 g (0.03 mol) of 6-chloro-4-amino-benzene-1,3- disulfonamide, 4.0 g (0.033 mol) of 2,5-endomethylene-δ3- tetrahydrobenzaldehyde and 25 cc of diethyleneglycol-dimethyl ether was heated for 2 hours at 100°C. During this time the major portion of the initially undissolved crystals went into solution; thereafter, the reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 14 hours at room temperature, during which the remaining undissolved crystals also went into solution. The reddish, clear solution thus obtained was admixed with 50 cc of chloroform. The greyishwhite precipitate formed thereby was separated by vacuum filtration, washed with a small amount of chloroform, dried and recrystallized from aqueous methanol. 7.5 g of white crystalline needles having a melting point of 229° to 230°C were obtained.

Anhydron (Lilly).

Diuretic, Antihypertensive

Cyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazine, which has a similar structure to diazoxide.

Positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors that potently inhibits AMPA receptor desensitization. Selective for the flip variant of each of the four receptor subunits. Also available as part of the AMPA Receptor Tocriset™ .

Blocks the rapid desensitization of the AMPA glutamate receptors and markedly prolongs the decay time of the evoked excitatory post-synaptic current.

Room temperature

[1] S.D DONEVAN  M. A R. Allosteric regulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors by thiocyanate and cyclothiazide at a common modulatory site distinct from that of 2,3-benzodiazepines[J]. Neuroscience, 1998, 87 3: Pages 615-629. DOI:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00109-2
[2] M A DESAI. Cyclothiazide acts at a site on the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor complex that does not recognize competitive or noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists.[J]. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1995, 272 1: 38-43.
[3] XAVIER JEUNEMAITRE MD. Long-term metabolic effects of spironolactone and thiazides combined with potassium-sparing agents for treatment of essential hypertension[J]. American Journal of Cardiology, 1988, 62 16: Pages 1072-1077. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(88)90551-6
[4] JINSHUN QI. Cyclothiazide induces robust epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo[J]. Journal of Physiology-London, 2006, 571 3: 605-618. DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.103812
[5] SHUZHEN KONG . Cyclothiazide induces seizure behavior in freely moving rats[J]. Brain Research, 2010, 1355: Pages 207-213. DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.088