Background
κ-Carrageenan induces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by promoting interactions between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (macrophage-like THP-1 cells), thereby disrupting the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelial cells. κ-Carrageenan can also enhance the induction of colitis in mice by TNBS through the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways.
Specific Modeling Methods
Mice: C57BL/6J male and female 20-25 g 6-week-old
Administration: 1.7, 8.3, 41.7 mg/kg po single dose
Note
κ-Carrageenan is dissolved in physiological saline.
Modeling Indicators
Phenotypic observation: Weight loss in mice, slight shortening and thickening of the distal colon, with colonic edema and hemorrhage. Damage to the surface of epithelial mucosal cells and disintegration of microvilli.
Molecular changes: Significant upregulation of IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, with a notable decrease in IL-10 expression. The enzymatic activity of SOD and GSH-px in the colonic mucosa is reduced, while the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-Jun, IL-8, and MDA is upregulated.
Correlated Product(s): TNBS (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid)
Opposite Product(s): /
