Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF), also called the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), is an inflammatory cytokine. The CCL2 gene is mapped to human chromosome 17q12. CCL2 is present in epithelial, endothelial, mesangial and microglial cells. Structurally, it dimerizes and has four regions of the ?-sheet. Recombinant human MCP-1 is a 8.6 kDa protein containing 76 amino acid residues including the four highly conserved cysteine residues. The MCP family cross-reacts across species.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF) acts as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) suppressor. The MCP-1 acts as a chemoattractant for T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It also plays a key role in the migration and infiltration of macrophages. CCL2 shows under expression in high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas (HGOSCs) and is expressed less in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
