Amprolium is a thiamine analog and antiprotozoal agent that interferes with thiamine metabolism and inhibits carbohydrate synthesis. It competitively inhibits thiamine uptake by E. tenella schizonts and by chick host intestinal cells (Kis = 7.6 and 326 μM, respectively). It also inhibits hexose formation and pentose utilization ex vivo in isolated lysed rat erythrocytes and in liver, kidney, heart, and intestinal tissue homogenates following dietary administration. Amprolium (1,000 ppm in feed) inhibits oocyst output and sporulation of Eimeria maxima, E. brunetti, and E. acervulina in infected chicks. It also decreases lesion and oocyst scores and mortality of E. tenella-infected chicks following dietary administration of a 125 ppm dose. Amprolium (100 μM) induces apoptosis in PC12 rat adrenal cells and increases the level of cleaved caspase-3. Formulations containing amprolium have been used as coccidiostats in poultry processing.
1-(4-Amino-2-n-propyl-5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2-methylpyridinium Chloride is an antiparasytic drug used in the veterinary industry. In addition the compound shows anticoccidial activity.
Thiamine analog coccidiostat.
Coccidiostatic;Thiamine transport inhibitor
MeSH: Amprolium Hydrochloride is a veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with thiamine metabolism.
Amprolium is an antiprotozoal agent used for the prevention
of coccidiosis in poultry.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Amprolium has good activity against Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina
in poultry and can be used as a therapeutic agent for these
organisms. It only has marginal activity or weak activity
against E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, or E. brunetti. It is often used in
combination with other agents (e.g., ethopabate) to improve control
against those organisms.
In cattle, amprolium has approval for the treatment and prevention
of E. bovis and E. zurnii in cattle and calves.
Amprolium has been used in dogs, swine, sheep, and goats for the
control of coccidiosis, although there are no approved products in
the USA for these species.
