Adenosine, periodate oxidized has been used:
- as a methylarginine transferase inhibitor in the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 T cells
- as a methylase inhibitor in H4 neuroglioma
- as a broad inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH3T3 cells
2-(1-(6-aMino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)-3-hydroxypropanal is an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase ) and it may be used in studies on the role of AdoHcy hydrolase in adenosine induce apoptosis and related S-adenosylhomocysteine-regulated processes. Adox is a methylation inhibitor that inhibits histone methytransferases (HMTase) and arginine methylation.
adenosine dialdehyde (adox) has been identified as an indirect methyltransferase inhibitor.histone methyltransferases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the methylation of histone lysine and arginine by adding methyl groups to specific histone arginine or lysine residues.
Adenosine, periodate oxidized (Adox) is a protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) inhibitor. It also inhibits the enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and induces apoptosis. Its inhibitory effect on histone methyltransferases prevents histone methylation. Adox also elicits intrinsic cytotoxic properties.
previous cell-based study showed that the treatment of cells with the methyltransferase inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (adox) could lead to cell cycle arrest and death in different tested cell types. in addition, the e form of cell death and phenotypical outcom was found to be strikingly dependent on the concentration of adox. results showed that lower adox concentrations could result in a g2 arrest and predominantly cause apoptosis, which was measured by biochemical and morphological criteria. in contrast, higher concentrations of adox led to a novel and so far undescribed form of cell death that was characterized by distinct, caspase-independent alterations of the cell shape with a marked protuberation of the nucleus, actin aggregation, cytoplasmic extensions, as well as incomplete chromatin condensation [1].
Adenosine dialdehyde (subcutaneous injection; 1.5-2.5 mg/kg; infused over a 7-day period ( minipump infusion)) significantly increases the mean life span of tumor bearing mice from 20.9 days in diluent treated controls to 35.3 days in AD treated animals[3].Adenosine dialdehyde (subcutaneous injection; 1.5-2.5 mg/kg; two 7-day periods interspersed by a 7-day drug free interval( minipump infusion))increases mean life span 80% in diluent treated controls (controls, 21.3 days; AD treated 38.4 days) in mice[3].Adenosine dialdehyde (subcutaneous injection; 2-3 mg/kg; infused over a 7-day period ( minipump infusion)) does not exhibit any hematopoietic toxicity in mice, and it can significantly suppress murine neuroblastoma tumor growth with little systemic toxicity[3].
| Animal Model: | Adult male A/J mice, weighing 20 to 25 g with MNB cells[3] |
| Dosage: | 1.5-2.5 mg/kg |
| Administration: | Subcutaneous injection; 1.5-2.5 mg/kg; two 7-day periods interspersed by a 7-day drug free interval (minipump infusion) |
| Result: | Significantly suppressed murine neuroblastoma tumor growth.Prolongs the life span of tumor bearing mice.Did not suppress hematopoiesis when administered by steady state infusion[2]. |
[1] schwerk c, schulze-osthoff k. methyltransferase inhibition induces p53-dependent apoptosis and a novel form of cell death. oncogene.2005 oct 27;24(47):7002-11.
