In the manufacture of fibers, pharmarceuticals, and insecticides.
It is used as a one day wormer, either in water or feed, for the control of Round worms in poultry, swine, and horses. It also controls nodular worms in swine, and small strongyles in horses.
Piperazine Dihydrochloride is an anthelmintic agent used in the treatment of parasitic worms in animals.
White to cream-colored needles or powder. Mp: 318-20°C (with decomposition).
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE is incompatible with the following: Water, HEAT, flames, oxidizers. PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE absorbs moisture from air. PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE may create flammable condition upon contact with HEAT, FLAMES and OXIDIZERS.
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by
ingestion. When heated to decomposition it
emits very toxic fumes of NOx and HCl.
Used in making fiber, pharmaceuticals, and
insecticides. See also PIPERAZINE.
Piperazine dihydrochloride was obtained by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to an ethanolic solution of anhydrous piperazine: To an ethanolic solution of anhydrous piperazine (1 eq.) was slowly added concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 eq.) dropwise to an ethanolic solution of anhydrous piperazine (1 eq.) in an ice bath, a solid was precipitated, and piperazine dihydrochloride was obtained by filtration in a quantitative yield.
Agricultural chemical, Suspected reprotoxic hazard. Piperazine is used to manufacture anthelmintics, antifilarials, antihistamines, and tranquilizers; the dihydrochloride is used in the manufacture of fibers, pharmaceuticals and insecticides. They are used as an intermediate in the manufacture of, pesticides, rubber chemicals and fibers. Also, piperazine is widely available, effective, and safe when used on an occasional basis against ascaride infections. It is also considerably cheaper than other anthelminthic drugs. In some countries where ascariasis is not endemic and where piperazine was used predominantly for the treatment of pinworn, it has been withdrawn from use on the grounds that other effective drugs are now available. Clinical dosages occasionally induce transient neurological signs and, in some circumstances, the drug may generate small amounts of nitrosamine in the stomach, which at considerably greater dosage in experimental animals has been demonstrated to have a carcinogenic potential.
Piperazine dihydrochloride is an
irritant and sensitizer.
Little information exists on the toxicology
of piperazine dihydrochloride in humans or in
animals. Acute human exposures to the dust
have reportedly resulted in irritation to the
eyes, mild to moderate skin burns, and sensitization. Exposure levels and duration were not
available.
Crystallise the salt from aqueous EtOH and dry it at 110o. [Beilstein 23 III/IV 17, 23/1 V 30.]
Aqueous solution is a strong base. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers and dicyanofurazan. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, nitrogen compounds, carbon tetrachloride. Attacks aluminum, copper, nickel, magnesium and zinc.
