사프롤

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H302：삼키면 유해함

  H315：피부에 자극을 일으킴

  H341：유전적인 결함을 일으킬 것으로 의심됨 (노출되어도 생식세포 유전독성을 일으키지 않는다는 결정적인 증거가 있는 노출경로가 있다면 노출경로 기재)

  H350：암을 일으킬 수 있음 (노출되어도 암을 일으키지 않는다는 결정적인 증거가 있는 노출경로가 있다면 노출경로 기재)

• 예방조치문구

  P202：모든 안전 조치 문구를 읽고 이해하기 전에는 취급하지 마시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P270：이 제품을 사용할 때에는 먹거나, 마시거나 흡연하지 마시오.

  P301+P312：삼켜서 불편함을 느끼면 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P302+P352：피부에 묻으면 다량의 물로 씻으시오.

  P308+P313：노출 또는 접촉이 우려되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.

사프롤 MSDS

• 5-Allyl-1,3-benzodioxole

사프롤 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 개요

  In the early 1990s, certain forest shrubs of the Piperaceae, indigenous to the humid forests of Central America and Greater Amazonia, were found to contain high levels of safrole in their leaves. The Brazilian Amazon contains a wide variety of Piper species but attention had focused on P. hispidinervum and P. callosum, two species with high safrole content. Subsequently, P. callosum has been dropped in the research work in favor of the more promising P. hispidinervum. The essential oil of P. hispidinervum contains high levels (83–93%) of safrole in leaves, which can be easily extracted by hydrodistillation.

• 화학적 성질

  Safrole is a colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of camphor or sassafras.

• 출처

  Originally isolated in the oil from roots of Sassafras officinale; constituent of several essential oils, such as camphor, nutmeg and cinnamon leaves; the essential oil from the roots of Nemuaron humboldtii contains up to 99% safrole; Brazilian sassafras oil, up to 93%; and American sassafras oil, up to 80%. Also reported found in banana, cinnamon bark and leaf, nutmeg, mace, tamarind, pepper, cocoa, coriander seed, dill herb, dried bonito, lemon balm, ashanti pepper and green maté.

• 용도

  Safrole, the main component of oil of sassafras, is widely used as a flavoring agent in drugs and in the manufacture of heliotropin, perfumes, soaps, and piperonyl butoxide (a compound used in a variety of insecticides to enhance the pesticidal properties of other active ingredients). Safrole has also been used as a preservative in mucilage and library paste and as a flotation frother. Oil of sassafras, which contains safrole, was formerly used to flavor some soft drinks, such as root beer. However, this was banned in the United States in 1960. Safrole has also been used in the illicit production of the drug 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) and the US Drug Enforcement Administration has designated safrole a List I Chemical.

• 제조 방법

  By distillation and/or freezing of such oils as Cinnamomum micranthum, Octea cymharum and oil of sassafras.

• 정의

  ChEBI: A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sass fras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.

• 일반 설명

  Clear colorless or slightly yellow liquid with the odor of sassafras. Denser than water (density 1.09 g / cm3) and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Obtained from oil of sassafras or oil of camphor.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Insoluble in water.

• 반응 프로필

  Safrole, an acetal, is readily hydrolyzed in acidic solution to give 4-allylpyrocatechol and formaldehyde (or formaldehyde polymers).

• 위험도

  Toxic by ingestion, may not be used in food products (FDA), a possible carcinogen.

• 화재위험

  Safrole is combustible.

• Safety Profile

  Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A sktn irritant. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ALDEHYDES and ALLYL COMPOUNDS.

• Toxicology

  Safrole is a colorless oily liquid possessing a sweet, warm-spicy flavor. It has been used as a flavoring agent for more than 60 years. Oil of sassafras, which contains 80% safrole, also has been used as a spice. In the United States, the FDA banned the use of safrole in 1958 and many other countries followed this lead and also banned the use of safrole in flavors. Safrole, either naturally occurring in sassafras oil or the synthetic chemical, has been shown to induce liver tumors in rats. The continuous administration of safrole at 5,000 ppm in the total diet of rats caused liver tumors. Studies in dogs showed extensive liver damage at 80 and 40 mg/kg, lesser damage at lower levels, but no tumors. In vivo, safrole metabolites into 1’-hydroxysafrole. The structures of safrole and 1’-hydroxysafrole are shown in Figure 10.14.

• 잠재적 노출

  This compound has been used to flavor beverages and foods. It is also reported to be used in soap manufacture, perfumery, sleep aids, sedatives, and pesticides. The FDA estimated exposure to safrole of the general public through food consumption was extremely low since the Agency prohibited its used in food. Derived from oil of sassafras or camphor. Minimal exposure may occur through the use of edible spices, including nutmeg and mace, which contain low levels of naturally occurring safrole.

• Carcinogenicity

  Safrole is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

• 신진 대사

  Rats and guinea-pigs, dosed orally or ip with safrole, excreted in the urine 3-N,N-dimethylamino-1 -(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1 -propanone (Oswald, Fishbein, Corbett & Walker, 1971). In addition, the rats excreted in the urine a major metabolite,3-piperidyl-l-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-l-propanone, and traces of 3-pyrrolidinyl-l-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-l-propanone. All three aminoketones decomposed to form 1-(3',4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-propen-l-one. Two metabolites formed by the epoxide-diol pathway and excreted in the urine of rats and guinea-pigs dosed with safrole were identified as l,2-methylenedioxy-4-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl)benzene and l,2-dihydroxy-4-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl)benzene (Horning, Bell, Carman & Stillwell, 1974).

• 운송 방법

  Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

• Purification Methods

  Safrole has been purified by fractional distillation, although it has also been recrystallised from low boiling pet ether at low temperatures. [IR: Briggs et al. Anal Chem 29 904 1957, UV: Patterson & Hibbert J Am Chem Soc 65 1962 1943.] The maleic anhydride adduct forms yellow crystals from toluene m 257o [Hickey J Org Chem 13 443 1948], and the picrate forms orange-red crystals from CHCl3 [Baril & Magrdichian J Am Chem Soc 58 1415 1936]. [Beilstein 19 H 39, 19 I 617, 19 II 29, 19 III/IV 275, 19/1 V 553.]

• 비 호환성

  Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo- sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Safrole, an acetal, is read- ily hydrolyzed in acidic solution to give 4-allylpyrocatechol and formaldehyde (or formaldehyde polymers)

• 폐기물 처리

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

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