염화 사이아노겐

한글명:염화 사이아노겐

카스 번호506-77-4

상품명:Cyanogen chloride

CBNumberCB0851903

분자식CClN

포뮬러 무게61.47

MOL 파일506-77-4.mol

동의어(한글)

염화사이아노젠(사이아노젠클로라이드)

염화사이아노겐

염화시아노겐

화학적 성질

녹는점	-6°
끓는 점	14°C
밀도	1.186
증기압	60kPa at 0℃
용해도	soluble in H2O, ethanol, ethyl ether
물리적 상태	무색 가스
색상	colorless vol liquid or gas
수용성	가용성 H2O, 에테르, 알코올 [MER06]
노출 한도	Ceiling limit 0.7 mg/m³ (0.3 ppm) (ACGIH).
LogP	0.64 at 20℃
CAS 데이터베이스	506-77-4
NIST	Cyanogen chloride(506-77-4)
EPA	Cyanogen chloride (506-77-4)

위험 및 안전 성명

위험품 표기	T
유엔번호(UN No.)	UN 1589
OEL	Ceiling: 0.3 ppm (0.6 mg/m3)
위험 등급	2.3
유해 물질 데이터	506-77-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
독성	CK may polymerize violently if contaminated with hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Upon heating, it decomposes, producing toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid, and nitrogen oxides. Hazardous polymerization can occur. Cyanogen chloride will react slowly with water to form hydrogen chloride gas. It acts on the body in two ways. Systemic effects of CK are much like those of hydrogen cyanide. Additionally, it causes irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and lungs. Eye irritation results in tearing. CK, like AC, stimulates the respiratory system and rapidly paralyzes it. Exposure is followed by immediate, intense irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes, with coughing, tightness in the chest, and lacrimation. This is followed by dizziness and increasing difficulty breathing. Unconsciousness comes next, with failing respiration and death within a few minutes. Convulsions, retching, and involuntary urination and defecation may occur. If these effects are not fatal, the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema may develop. There may be repeated coughing, with profuse foamy sputum, rales in the chest, severe dyspnea, and distinct cyanosis. Recovery from the systemic effects is usually as prompt as in AC poisoning. However, a higher incidence of residual damage to the central nervous system should be expected. Based upon the concentration of the cyanogen chloride to which the victim has been exposed, the pulmonary effects may evolve instantly or may be delayed until the systemic effects have subsided. Consequently, early prognosis must be cautious.

그림문자(GHS)

그림문자(GHS)
신호 어

Danger
유해·위험 문구

H280：고압가스; 가열시 폭발할 수 있음

H314：피부에 심한 화상과 눈에 손상을 일으킴

H319：눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴

H400：수생생물에 매우 유독함
예방조치문구

P260：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이를 흡입하지 마시오.

P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

P301+P330+P331：삼켰다면 입을 씻어내시오. 토하게 하려 하지 마시오.

P303+P361+P353：피부(또는 머리카락)에 묻으면 오염된 모든 의복은 벗거나 제거하시오 피부를 물로 씻으시오/샤워하시오.

P304+P340：흡입하면 신선한 공기가 있는 곳으로 옮기고 호흡하기 쉬운 자세로 안정을 취하시오.

P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

P310：즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오. 삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 도움을 받으시오.

P321：(…) 처치를 하시오.

P363：다시 사용전 오염된 의류는 세척하시오.

P391：누출물을 모으시오.

P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

P410+P403：직사광선을 피하고 환기가 잘 되는 곳에 보관하시오.

P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

염화 사이아노겐 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요
Cyanide poisoning was first reported with the effects of extract of bitter almonds; then cyanide was identified and isolated from cherry laurel. Cyanogen chloride was first prepared in 1787 by the action of chlorine upon hydrocyanic acid (aka prussic acid) and was called ‘oxidized prussic acid.’ The correct formula for cyanogen chloride was first established in 1815. Cyanogen chloride was used in World War I in 1916.
화학적 성질
Cyanogen chloride is a colorless gas or liquid (below 55℃ F/13℃ ) with a pungent, irritating odor. Shipped as a liquefied gas. A solid below—6℃ .
역사
Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a very volatile compound, but is less a fire or explosive hazard than hydrogen cyanide and therefore logistically speaking less problematic. (Industry has found cyanogen chloride the preferred reactant in processes to make synthetic rubber). Reportedly, France combined hydrocyanic acid with cyanogen chloride in World War I ("manguinite"). The use of cyanogen chloride in this mixture was intended as an irritant to make soldiers remove their masks, exposing themselves to these very toxic gases. Cyanogen chloride was also combined with arsenic trichloride later on in the war. Like hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride tends to spontaneously polymerize and therefore was combined with stabilizers (sodium pyrophosphate) for longer shelf life.
용도
Cyanogen chloride is used in organic synthesis and as a military poisonous gas. Several benzene derivatives react with chloramine or with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion to form cyanogen chloride (Maeda et al. 1987).
생산 방법
Cyanogen chloride is produced by the action of chlorine on moist sodium cyanide suspended in carbon tetrachloride and kept cooled to -3°C, followed by distillation.
일반 설명
A colorless gas or liquid with a strong acrid/pungent odor. Boils at 60°F. Liquid density 10.0 lb / gal. Shipped as a liquid confined under its own vapor pressure. A highly toxic lachrymator. Has been used as a tear gas. Vapor is heavier than air. Prolonged exposure of the container to fire or intense heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing.
공기와 물의 반응
Soluble in water. Very slow reaction with water to form hydrogen cyanide.
반응 프로필
CYANOGEN CHLORIDE may trimerize violently to form cyanuric chloride, catalyzed by hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Reacts exothermically with alkenes and alkynes. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).
위험도
Cyanogen chloride becomes volatile as temperatures increase, and the DOT lists it as a 2.3 poison gas. The NFPA 704 designation for CK is estimated to be health 4, flammability 0,reactivity 2, and special ?0. Cyanogen chloride vapors are highly toxic. It has a four-digit UN identification number of 1589 (inhibited). Treatment for either AC or CK poisoning is to follow the treatment protocols for airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) and administer oxygen to assist breathing. Instructions for administration and dosage should be based on local protocols and with the advice of a physician. Sodium nitrate is administered to produce methemoglobin, thus seizing the cyanide on the methemoglobin. The sodium thiosulfate combines with the confiscated cyanide to form thiocyanate, which is then excreted from the body.
건강위험
Cyanogen chloride is a highly poisonous compound and a severe irritant. In humans, exposure to 1 ppm for 10 minutes caused severe irritation of eyes and nose. Irritation of respiratory tract is followed by hemorrhage of the bronchi and trachea, as well as pulmonary edema.
The toxicity of cyanogen chloride is attributed to its relatively easy decomposition to cyanide ion in an aqueous medium. The cyanide attacks the cells in the body and interferes with the cellular metabolism. Tests on rats indicated that exposure to cyanogen chloride caused lacrimation and chronic pulmonary edema and somnolence. At a high concentration of 300 ppm, death occurred to the test animals. Inhalation of 48 ppm for 30 minutes was fatal to humans. In animals, subcutaneous intakes of 5 and 15 mg/kg were lethal to both dogs and rabbits.
Chronic exposure to cyanogen chloride can cause conjunctivitis and edema of the eyelid.
화재위험
Not flammable. POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED WHEN HEATED IN FIRE. Overheated containers can explode.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and possibly other routes. Toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation, conjunctiva irritation, and chronic pulmonary edema or congestion. A primary irritant. A severe human eye irritant. An insecticide. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam, it will react to produce highly toxic and corrosive fumes of Cl-, CN-, and NOx. See also other cyanogen entries, CYANIDE, and CHLORIDES.
잠재적 노출
Cyanaogen chloride is used as a fumi- gant, metal cleaner; in ore refining; production of synthetic rubber and in chemical synthesis. CK is used as a military poison gas (blood agent). It forms cyanide in the body.
환경귀착
The primary effect of cyanide poisoning results from the inhibition of the metal-containing enzymes, specifically, cytochrome oxidase a3 (containing iron) within the mitochondria. Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy (ATP) from oxygen, therefore causing rapid death. Other mechanisms include pulmonary arteriolar and/or coronary vasoconstriction that results in cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema. Cyanide can also directly stimulate chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery, causing hyperpnea.
운송 방법
UN1589 Cyanogen chloride, stabilized, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 8-Corrosive material Inhalation Hazard Zone A. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written per- mission of the owner. Military driver shall be given full and complete information regarding shipment and condi- tions in case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance with AR 740-32.
비 호환성
CK is incompatible with; or, may react with most basic and acidic solvents. CK reacts slowly with water or water vapor forming toxic hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride. Cyanogen chloride may polymerize vio- lently if contaminated with chlorine. CK is unstable; it may be stabilized (i.e., inhibited) to prevent polymerization. In crude form CK trimerizes violently if catalyzed by traces of hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Contact with alcohols, acids, acid salts; amines, strong alkalis; olefins, and strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion. Heat causes decomposition producing toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides. Reacts slowly with water or water vapor, forming hydrogen chloride. Attacks copper, brass, and bronze in the presence of moisture.
폐기물 처리
Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. React with strong calcium hypo- chlorite solution for 24 hours, then flush to sewer with large volumes of water.

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