염화칼륨

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H303：삼키면 유해할 수 있음

• 예방조치문구

  P201：사용 전 취급 설명서를 확보하시오.

  P308+P313：노출 또는 접촉이 우려되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.

염화칼륨 MSDS

• Potassium chloride

염화칼륨 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 물성

  염화칼륨은 물에 잘 녹으며 전류를 잘 통한다. 알칼리금속원소인 칼륨이온이 함유되어 있으므로 보라색의 불꽃 반응을 한다. 보통의 무수물 결정은 무색 등축 결정계 정육면체인데 천연산의 실빈에는 불순물 때문에 백색, 청색을 띤 것, 황적색을 띤 것 등이 있다. 쓰고 매운 맛이 있다. 녹는점 776℃, 끓는점 1500℃이며 에탄올에 잘 녹지 않고 진한 염산에는 녹지 않는다. 알칼리, 글리세롤에는 녹으며 수용액은 －10.5℃에서 함빙정을 만드는데 염화나트륨의 경우와 같은 결정된 조성을 갖지 않는다.

• 개요

   품목은 무색의 결정 또는 백색의 분말로서 냄새가 없고 짠맛이 있다.
   

• 용도

  칼리 비료로서 그대로 사용되며 소염 화약의 소염제, 사진 등에 사용된다. 실험실에서는 완충액, 전극액으로 사용되며 의약품으로는 주로 링거액 조제에 사용한다. 이뇨약으로 심장성 부종 등에도 사용된다.

• 순도시험

    (1) 유리산 및 유리알칼리 : 이 품목 5g을 새로 끓여서 식힌 물 50mL에 녹이고 페놀프탈레인시액 3방울을 가할 때, 홍색을 나타내서는 아니 된다. 또 다시 0.02N 수산화나트륨용액 0.3mL를 가할 때, 홍색을 나타내어야 한다.

    (2) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (3) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(2.0ppm 이하).

    (4) 카드뮴 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (3)에 따라 시험한다(1.0ppm 이하).

    (5) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    (6) 브롬화물 : 이 품목 1g을 취하여 물을 가하여 녹인 다음 100mL로 한다. 이 액 5mL를 취하여 염산(1→4) 3방울 및 클로로포름 1mL를 넣은 다음 클로라민T시액(클로라민T 1.25g을 취하여 물을 가하여 녹인 다음 100mL로 한 액, 사용 시 조제) 3방울을 흔들어 섞으면서 적가할 때, 클로로포름층이 황～황적색을 나타내어서는 아니 된다.

    (7) 요오드화물 : 이 품목 0.5g에 물 10mL를 가하여 녹이고 염화제이철용액(1→10) 3방울 및 클로로포름 1mL를 가하여 흔들어 섞은 다음 30분간 방치하고 다시 흔들어 섞을 때, 클로로포름층은 적자～자색을 나타내어서는 아니 된다.

    (8) 나트륨 : 이 품목의 수용액(1→20)은 염색반응을 할 때, 황색 또는 밝은 불꽃이 나타나서는 아니 된다.

    (9) 칼슘 및 마그네슘 : 이 품목 0.2g에 물 20mL를 가하여 녹이고 암모니아시액 2mL, 수산암모늄용액(1→30) 2mL 및 인산이나트륨용액(1→8) 2mL를 가한 다음 5분간 방치할 때, 액이 혼탁해서는 아니 된다.

• 확인시험

    이 품목의 수용액(1→20)은 확인시험법 중 칼륨염 및 염화물의 반응을 나타낸다.

• 정량법

    이 품목을 건조한 다음 약 0.25g을 정밀히 달아 공전삼각플라스크에 넣어 물 50mL를 가하여 녹이고 저어주면서 0.1N 질산은용액 50mL, 질산 5mL 및 니트로벤젠 5mL를 가하고 잘 저어주면서 황산제이철암모늄시액 2mL를 가한 다음 과량의 질산은을 0.1N 치오시안산암모늄용액으로 적정한다.

  0.1N 질산은용액 1mL ＝ 7.456mg KCl

• 개요

  Potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt that is used in a variety of areas. The dominant application of potassium chloride is to serve as a fertilizer, which offers potassium to plants and prevents them from certain diseases. Besides, it can be applied in food and medical industry. As a treatment for hypokalemia, potassium chloride pills are taken to balance the blood's potassium levels and prevent potassium deficiency in the blood. In food industry, it serves as a electrolyte replenisher and a good salt substitute for food, as well as a firming agent to give consistent texture to food, thus to strengthen its structure.

• 화학적 성질

  Potassium chloride occurs as odorless, colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder, with an unpleasant, saline taste. The crystal lattice is a face-centered cubic structure. Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineralsylvite (KCl) and as carnallite(KCl·MgCl2·6H2O); it is produced industriallyby fractional crystallizationof these deposits or of solutions fromlake brines. It has the interesting property of being more soluble than sodium chloride in hot water but less soluble in cold. It has low toxicity.

• 용도

  1. Potassium chloride is a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology. It is a component of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Product No. P 3813) and of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) buffer (50 mM KCl).
  2. KCl is also used in studies of ion transport and potassium channels.
  3. KCl is also utilized in the solubilization, extraction, purification, and crystallization of proteins.
  4. The use of KCl in the crystallization of histone core octamers has been reported.

• 정의

  ChEBI: Potassium chloride is a metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is a potassium salt, an inorganic chloride and an inorganic potassium salt.

• 생산 방법

  Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite or sylvine; it also occurs in other minerals such as sylvinite, carnallite, and kainite. Commercially, potassium chloride is obtained by the solar evaporation of brine or by the mining of mineral deposits.

• World Health Organization (WHO)

  Potassium chloride has been used for many years to correct potassium deficiency. The use of fast-acting tablets has been associated with lesions of the gastro-intestinal mucosa, which have led to their general withdrawal.

• 일반 설명

  Potassium chloride (KCl) is a water-soluble metal salt that comprises of potassium and chlorine. It can be extracted from minerals and salt water. KCl can be used in industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedical, chemical and fertilizer.

• 공기와 물의 반응

  Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

• 반응 프로필

  Potassium chloride is not in general strongly reactive. Violent reaction with BrF3 and with a mixture of sulfuric acid potassium permanganate mixture . Reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fumes of hydrogen chloride.

• 건강위험

  Potassium chloride is an essential constituent of the body for intracellular osmotic pressure and buffering, cell permeability, acid-base balance, muscle contraction and nerve function.
  SYMPTOMS: Large doses of Potassium chloride usually induce vomiting, so acute intoxication by mouth is rare. If no pre-existing kidney damage, it is rapidly excreted. Poisoning disturbs the rhythm of heart. Large doses by mouth can cause gastrointestinal irritation, purging, weakness, and circulatory disturbances.

• 화재위험

  Flammability data is not available, but Potassium chloride is probably nonflammable.

• 농업용

  Muriate of potash or potassium chloride (KCl), is a major potash fertilizer. It is water soluble and is generally blended with other components to make it a multi-nutrient fertilizer. It has a higher salt index than potassium sulphate and is recommended for most crops except tobacco, potato and grapes, which are sensitive to chloride ions.

• Pharmaceutical Applications

  Potassium chloride is widely used in a variety of parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Its primary use, in parenteral and ophthalmic preparations, is to produce isotonic solutions.
  Potassium chloride is also used therapeutically in the treatment of hypokalemia.
  Many solid-dosage forms of potassium chloride exist including: tablets prepared by direct compression and granulation; effervescent tablets; coated, sustained-release tablets; sustained- release wax matrix tablets;microcapsules;pellets; and osmotic pump formulations.
  Experimentally, potassium chloride is frequently used as a model drug in the development of new solid-dosage forms, particularly for sustained-release or modified-release products. Potassium chloride is also used widely in the food industry as a dietary supplement, pH control agent, stabilizer, thickener, and gelling agent. It can also be used in infant formulations.

• 공업 용도

  Potassium chloride is a colorless or white crystallinecompound of the composition KCl, usedfor molten salt baths for the heat treatment ofsteels. The specific gravity is 1.987. A bathcomposed of three parts potassium chloride andtwo parts barium chloride is used for hardeningcarbon-steel drills and other tools. Steel toolsheated in this bath and quenched in a 3% sulfuricacid solution have a very bright surface.A common bath is made up of potassium chlorideand common salt and can be used for temperaturesup to 900°C.
  Potassium chloride is used in the porcelainenamel industry as a setting-up agent in titaniumcover coats. In general, the quantities ofpotassium chloride, when used as an electrolyte,will be approximately the same as sodiumnitrite, which it replaces. However, KCl doesnot aid tearing resistance as does nitrite. Themain advantage in using potassium chloride isthe freedom from yellowing or creaming whenused in a blue-white enamel. Potassium chloridemay exert an adverse effect on the glossand may cause a slight decrease in the acidresistingproperties of the enamel, although thelatter effect is somewhat debatable.

• Safety Profile

  A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: nausea, blood clotting changes, carhac arrhythmias. An eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with BrF3; sulfuric acid + potassium permanganate. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O and Cl-.

• 저장

  Potassium chloride tablets become increasingly hard on storage at low humidities. However, tablets stored at 76% relative humidity showed no increase or only a slight increase in hardness.The addition of lubricants, such as 2% w/w magnesium stearate, reduces tablet hardness and hardness on aging.Aqueous potassium chloride solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or by filtration.
  Potassium chloride is stable and should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

• Purification Methods

  Dissolve it in conductivity water, filter it, and saturate it with chlorine (generated from conc HCl and KMnO4). Excess chlorine is boiled off, and the KCl is precipitated by HCl (generated by dropping conc HCl into conc H2SO4). The precipitate is washed with water, dissolved in conductivity water at 90-95o, and crystallised by cooling to about -5o. The crystals are drained at the centrifuge, dried in a vacuum desiccator at room temperature, then fused in a platinum dish under N2, cooled and stored in a desiccator. Potassium chloride has also been sublimed in a stream of pre-purified N2 gas and collected by electrostatic discharge [Craig & McIntosh Can J Chem 30 448 1952].

• 비 호환성

  Potassium chloride reacts violently with bromine trifluoride and with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. The presence of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, and magnesium chloride decreases the solubility of potassium chloride in water. Aqueous solutions of potassium chloride form precipitates with lead and silver salts.
  Intravenous aqueous potassium chloride solutions are incompatible with protein hydrolysate.

• Regulatory Status

  GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, ophthalmic preparations, oral capsules, and tablets). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

• 참고 문헌

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_chloride
  https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00761
  http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-potassium-chloride-uses-formula-side-effects.html

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