이산화염소(기체)

그림문자(GHS)

• 그림문자(GHS)

  

• 신호 어

  Danger

• 유해·위험 문구

  H301：삼키면 유독함

  H314：피부에 심한 화상과 눈에 손상을 일으킴

  H400：수생생물에 매우 유독함

• 예방조치문구

  P260：분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이를 흡입하지 마시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P264：취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.

  P270：이 제품을 사용할 때에는 먹거나, 마시거나 흡연하지 마시오.

  P273：환경으로 배출하지 마시오.

  P280：보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.

  P301+P310：삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.

  P301+P330+P331：삼켰다면 입을 씻어내시오. 토하게 하려 하지 마시오.

  P303+P361+P353：피부(또는 머리카락)에 묻으면 오염된 모든 의복은 벗거나 제거하시오 피부를 물로 씻으시오/샤워하시오.

  P304+P340：흡입하면 신선한 공기가 있는 곳으로 옮기고 호흡하기 쉬운 자세로 안정을 취하시오.

  P305+P351+P338：눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.

  P310：즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오. 삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 도움을 받으시오.

  P321：(…) 처치를 하시오.

  P330：입을 씻어내시오.

  P363：다시 사용전 오염된 의류는 세척하시오.

  P391：누출물을 모으시오.

  P405：밀봉하여 저장하시오.

  P501：...에 내용물 / 용기를 폐기 하시오.

이산화염소(기체) 화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

• 화학적 성질

  Chlorine dioxide,CI02, is a yellow-reddish gas.It is a very effective bleaching and water treatment agent. Chlorine dioxide is preparedby the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite. It is quite unstable and is commonly prepared immediately before use.

• 물리적 성질

  Yellow to red-yellow gas at room temperature; pungent chlorine-like odor; density 9.99 g/L at 11°C; liquefies to a reddish brown liquid at 11°C; liquid density 1.64 g/mL at 0°C; freezes at -59.5° C to red crystals (explodes); soluble in water, decomposes in hot water; soluble in alkalis and H₂SO₄.

• 용도

  Chlorine Dioxide is a gas used in bleaching and aging flour. it acts on the flour almost instantly, resulting in improved color and dough properties. because usage levels are low, the bleaching action is limited.

• 제조 방법

  Chlorine dioxide is prepared by passing nitrogen dioxide through sodium chlorate packed in a column:
  NaClO₃ + NO₂ → NaNO₃ + ClO₂
  Also, it may be prepared by the reaction of chlorine with sodium chlorite:
  2NaClO₂ + Cl₂ → 2ClO₂ + 2NaCl
  Alternatively, it may be obtained by the treatment of sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate with sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid:
  2NaClO₃ + SO₂ + H₂SO₄ → 2ClO₂ + 2 NaHSO₄.

• 생산 방법

  Chlorine dioxide is manufactured from the oxidation of chlorite or the reduction of chlorate. The latter method is used for large-volume production and is carried out in strongly acidic solution using reducing agents such as NaCl, HCl, sulfur dioxide, and methanol.

• 정의

  An orange gas formed by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid on potassium chlorate. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and its explosive properties in the presence of a reducing agent were used to make one of the first matches. It is widely used in the purification of water and as a bleach in the flour and wood-pulp industry. On an industrial scale an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is made by passing nitrogen dioxide up a tower packed with a fused mixture of aluminum oxide and clay, down which a solution of sodium chlorate flows.

• 위험도

  Explodes when heated or by reaction with organic materials. Very irritating to skin and mucous membranes. Lower respiratory tract irritant. Broncitis.

• 건강위험

  Chlorine dioxide is highly irritating to theeyes, nose, and throat. Inhalation can causecoughing, wheezing, respiratory distress, andcongestion in the lungs. Its toxicity inhumans is moderate to high. Its irritanteffects in humans can be intense at a con centration level of 5 ppm in air. A concen tration of 19 ppm of the gas inside a bleachtank caused the death of one worker (Elkins 1959). The chronic toxicity signs are mainlydyspnea and asthmatic bronchitis, and in cer tain cases irritation of the gastrointestinaltract. Ingestion of the liquid may cause som nolence and respiratory stimulation.

• 화재위험

  Nonflammable gas; however, it is highly reactive and a strong oxidizing agent. Chlo rine dioxide explodes violently upon heating, exposure to sunlight, contact with dust, or when subjected to a spark. Detonation occurs at concentrations above 10% in air in the presence of an energy source or catalyst. It undergoes violent reactions with organic matter; explosion occurs when the mixture is subjected to shock or a spark. It reacts spon taneously with sulfur or phosphorus, caus ing ignition and/or explosion. Liquid chlorine dioxide may explode violently when mixed with mercury, caustic potash, caustic soda, or many metal hydrides. The gas reacts explo sively with fluorine and with difluoroamine (Lawless and Smith 1968).

• Safety Profile

  Moderately toxic by inhalation. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. An eye irritant. A powerful explosive sensitive to spark, impact, sunlight, or heating rapidly to 100℃. A powerful oxidzer. Concentrations of greater than 10% in air are explosive. Explodes on mixing with carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (e.g., butadiene, ethane, ethylene, methane, propane), fluoramines (e.g., difluoramine, trifluoramine). Mtxtures with hydrogen explode with sparking or contact with platinum. Explodes on contact with mercury, potassium hydroxide, phosphorus pentachloride + chlorine. Ignites or explodes on contact with nonmetals (e.g., phosphorus, sulfur, sugar). Reacts violently with F2, NHF2. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of HCl. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLORINE.

• 잠재적 노출

  Chlorine dioxide is used in bleaching cellulose pulp; bleaching flour; water purification; as a liquid sterilizer in an ultrasonic cleaner.

• 운송 방법

  UN/NA 9191 Chlorine dioxide, hydrate, frozen, Hazard class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer, 6.1-Poison Inhalation. Explosive: It may only be shipped in the frozen state and then only by private or contract motor carrier.

• 비 호환성

  Unstable in light. A powerful oxidizer. Chlorine dioxide gas is explosive at concentrations over 10% and can be ignited by almost any form of energy, including sunlight, heat (explosions can occur in air in temperature above 130C), or sparks, shock, friction, or concussion. This chemical reacts violently with dust, combustible materials; and reducing agents. Reacts violently with mercury, phosphorus, sulfur, and many compounds, causing fire and explosion hazard. Contact with water forms perchloric and hydrochloric acid. Corrosive to metals.

• 폐기물 처리

  Use large volume of concentrated solution of ferrous salt or bisulfite solution as reducing agent. Then neutralize and flush to sewer with abundant water.

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