Chemical Properties
White, crystalline powder.Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol,
acetone, and acetic acid.
General Description
A colorless to white crystalline powder solid. Mildly sensitive to heat and shock. An extremely powerful explosive. Decomposes to emit toxic nitrogen oxide fumes. May explode under exposure to intense heat or fire. Primary hazard is blast of an instantaneous explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.
Air & Water Reactions
Hydrolysis occurs in water.
Reactivity Profile
Explosive mercury or silver salts are rather sensitive to heat and impact, while the pure material is much more insensitive. Organonitrate compounds, such as N-Nitrocarbamide, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes.
Hazard
Severe explosion risk.
Health Hazard
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Fire Hazard
MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 meters (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.
Safety Profile
A very dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat or flame. A
severe explosion hazard when shocked or
exposed to heat. Can react vigorously with
oxidizing materials. It is a lugh explosive.
Incompatible with mercuric and silver salts.
When heated to decomposition it emits
highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also
EXPLOSIVES, HIGH; and NITRATES.
Synthesis
Method for preparing nitrosourea in a microchannel reactor, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) The materials required in the reaction are urea, concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and the materials are respectively passed into each through-channel module in the microchannel reactor for heat exchange to the reaction temperature, and the set temperature is controlled by an external heat exchanger, and the heat exchange medium is heat-conducting oil; and the reaction is carried out in two steps: in the first step, a sulfuric acid solution of urea sulphate is prepared, and urea is added to concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare a urea-concentrated sulfuric acid suspension, and the urea: sulfuric acid molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:10, through the heat exchange module and mixing module, so that the urea dissolved in sulfuric acid, prepared as a sulfuric acid solution of urea sulfate; the second step, the nitration reaction of urea sulfate, control of urea sulfate: nitric acid molar ratio of 1:0.8 to 1:20, control of the flow rate of the sulfuric acid solution of urea sulfate: 2 to 50mL/min; control of the flow rate of nitric acid: 0.2 to 100mL/min; through the The respective metering pumps are synchronized into the enhanced mass transfer type module for mixing reaction, and the mixing temperature is also controlled by the external heat exchanger;
(2) The flow rate of each material is controlled by the flow rate, and after mixing and reacting in the mixing module, it continues to pass through a series of enhanced mass-transfer-type modules as well as DC-type microchannel modules, and the products are post-treated after the completion of the reaction process; the reaction residence time of the first step of the reaction is 20-100s, and the reaction temperature is -5-30; the reaction residence time of the second step is 50-150s, and the reaction temperature is -5-20; the reaction temperature is -5-20; the reaction temperature is -5-20; and the reaction temperature is -5-20. temperature is -5 to 20C;
(3) The reaction mixture was flowed directly into the separator containing ice water, stirred while adding, the solid was precipitated continuously, after stopping the addition, continued stirring for 10min, filtered, washed, dried under reduced pressure at 30C for 5h, obtaining a white crystalline powder with a yield of 90%~98% and a melting point of 157~159C.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from EtOH/pet ether. Dry it in vacuo ~50o. [Ingersoll & Arenendt Org Synth Coll Vol I 417 1941.]
