4-Pyridinamin

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H300：Lebensgefahr bei Verschlucken.

  H311：Giftig bei Hautkontakt.

  H315：Verursacht Hautreizungen.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H370：Schädigt die Organe.

  H372：Schädigt bei Hautkontakt und Verschlucken die Organe bei längerer oder wiederholter Exposition.

  H411：Giftig für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P260：Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P270：Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

  P332+P313：Bei Hautreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P337+P313：Bei anhaltender Augenreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

  P391：Verschüttete Mengen aufnehmen.

  P405：Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.

  P501：Inhalt/Behälter ... (Entsorgungsvorschriften vom Hersteller anzugeben) zuführen.

4-Aminopyridine Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R28:Sehr giftig beim Verschlucken.
  R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
  R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S1:Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.

• Beschreibung

  4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, fampridine, dalfampridine) is the first drug approved by the FDA to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dalfampridine is a voltage-gated potassium channel blocker that readily penetrates the CNS and increases the conduction and duration of action potential across nerve fibers resulting in enhanced functionality as observed in the walking speed of MS patients.
  Besides, it has repellent–toxicant properties for birds.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  4-aminopyridine is a white crystalline solid that contains about 98% active ingredient. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in benzene and ether. 4-Aminopyridine formulations are classifi ed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as restricted use pesticides (RUPs) and therefore should be purchased and used only by certifi ed and trained workers and applicators.

• Originator

  Rush University Medical Center (United States)

• Verwenden

  Avitrol (4-aminopyridine), has repellent–toxicant properties for birds and is classed as a severe poison and irritant. This secondary bird repellent can be used as a broadcast bait, causing uncoordinated flight and distress calls and escape responses in nearby birds.

• Verwenden

  Dalfampridine is used in characterizing subtypes of potassium channel, and has also been used to manage some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, and is indicated for symptomatic improvement of walking in adults with several variations of the disease. Dalfampridine is a precursor to the drug Pinacidil.

• Vorbereitung Methode

  4-aminopyridine is commercially produced through the nitration of pyridine followed by catalytic hydrogenation. In this process, pyridine is first nitrated to form 4-nitropyridine, which is then selectively reduced using hydrogen gas in the presence of a metal catalyst such as palladium or platinum to yield 4-aminopyridine. This method ensures high regioselectivity and purity.

• Definition

  ChEBI: 4-aminopyridine is an aromatic amine that is pyridine bearing a single amino substituent at position 4. An orphan drug in the US, it is used to improve walking in adults with multiple sclerosis. It has a role as an avicide, a potassium channel blocker and an orphan drug. It is an aromatic amine and an aminopyridine.

• Trademarks

  Neurelan (E′lan);Ampyra.

• Synthesis Reference(s)

  Tetrahedron Letters, 39, p. 1313, 1998 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(97)10877-2

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  White crystalline material with no odor. Used as an avicide, an intermediate and as a fixer for some textile dyes.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  4-Aminopyridine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

• Health Hazard

  4-Aminopyridine, a pyridine compound, is an extremely effective bird poison. In agriculture, 4-AP is used as an extremely effective bird poison sold under the brand name Avitrol. It is highly toxic to all mammals including humans if dosages are exceeded, and as an experimental drug, the recommended dose data is unavailable.

• Brandgefahr

  Material may produce irritating or poisonous gases in fire. Runoff from fire control water may give off irritating or poisonous gases.

• Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung

  4-Aminopyridine is used commercially as a bird repellent and often is mixed with grain before its distribution.

• Mechanism of action

  Works as a potassium channel blocker, over stimulating the nervous system

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: hallucinations and vomiting. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx,.

• mögliche Exposition

  Used as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals; as an agricultural chemical for field crops; and as a bird repellent and poison

• in vitro

  4-ap acts by selectively blocking fast, voltage-gated k+ channels in excitable tissues. in axons, k+ channel blockade increases the safety factor1 across demyelinated internodes and 4-ap can, therefore, restore conduction in focally demyelinated axons. 4-ap also increases calcium (ca2+) influx at presynaptic terminals thereby enabling an enhancement of neuroneuronal or neuromuscular transmission in normally myelinated neurons [1].

• in vivo

  investigations of the effects of 4-ap on neurologic deficits in animal in vivo models of demyelinating disease or sci have yielded inconsistent results. some trials have shown indications of potential neurological benefit, such as enhanced motor evoked potentials or reflex activity, while others have yielded no evident gains in function [1].

• IC 50

  170 and 230 μm at kv1.1 and kv1.2, respectively

• Lager

  Room temperature

• Versand/Shipping

  UN2671 Aminopyridines, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials

• läuterung methode

  Crystallise the aminopyridine from *benzene/EtOH, then recrystallise it twice from water, then crush and dry it for 4hours at 105o [Bates & Hetzer J Res Nat Bur Stand 64A 427 1960]. It has also been crystallised from EtOH, *benzene, *benzene/pet ether, toluene and sublimes in a vacuum. [Beilstein 22/9 V 106.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  4-Aminopyridine is highly toxic to animals, with an approximate oral LD50 of 3.7 mg/kg body weight in the dog. 4-Aminopyridine blocks potassium channels, resulting in increased cholinergic nervous system activity. Clinical signs in poisoned animals often develop within several hours of ingestion and commonly include tachycardia, salivation, tremors, ataxia, and seizures. Death from respiratory failure may develop within 4 hours of exposure.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Sodium nitrite, strong oxidizers. Avoid contact with acid anhydrides, acid chlorides; and strong acids.

• Waste disposal

  Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposalIncineration with nitrogen oxides removal from effluent gas.

• Einzelnachweise

  [1] hayes kc. the use of 4-aminopyridine (fampridine) in demyelinating disorders. cns drug rev. 2004 winter;10(4):295-316.

• Pestizidtyp

  Avicide; Acaricide; Repellent

4-Aminopyridine Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

4-Pyridinamin Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(608)Suppliers

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