Cycloheximid

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H301：Giftig bei Verschlucken.

  H341：Kann vermutlich genetische Defekte verursachen.

  H412：Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P201：Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P264：Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.

  P270：Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P301+P310：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Sofort GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

Actidione Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE KRISTALLE.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Exposition kann zum Tod führen (s. Anm.).

• LECKAGE

  Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
  R68:Irreversibler Schaden möglich.
  R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
  R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R28:Sehr giftig beim Verschlucken.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.

• Beschreibung

  Cycloheximide is a glutarimide-type antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus. Colorless crystals, C15H23NO4 (281.4), melting point: 115.5–117 ?C, weak acidic substance (pKa 11.2), Soluble in chloroform, isopropanol and methanol; water > 21 g/L (2 ?C). Stable in pH 3–5, but rapidly destroyed in alkaline solutions.

• Beschreibung

  Cycloheximide is a glutarimide antibiotic produced by S. griseus that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes (IC₅₀ = 5-50 μM) by interfering with translational elongation. Its effects on protein synthesis can either induce or inhibit apoptosis depending on cell type. Cycloheximide is widely used as a tool in molecular biology research for ribosome profiling and translational profiling as well as to determine the half-life of a protein.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Off-white to light tan powder

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Cycloheximide is a colorless crystalline sub- stance.

• Verwenden

  immunosuppressant

• Verwenden

  potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor

• Verwenden

  immunomodulator

• Verwenden

  Cycloheximide is the most recognised member of the glutarimide microbial metabolites. Cycloheximide was isolated from Streptomyces griseus in the late 1940s as a potent and broad spectrum antifungal. Cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with translocation. Cycloheximide is an established bioprobe and widely-used antifungal reagent in research with over 25,000 literature citations.

• Verwenden

  Cycloheximide is an antibiotic substance isolated from the beers of streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide is used as fungicide.

• Definition

  ChEBI: Cycloheximide is a dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an anticoronaviral agent and a ferroptosis inhibitor. It is a member of piperidones, a piperidine antibiotic, an antibiotic fungicide, a dicarboximide, a secondary alcohol and a cyclic ketone. It is functionally related to a piperidine-2,6-dione.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  Colorless crystals. Used as a fungicide and as a anticancer drug.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Water soluble.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  Actidione is an imide. Actidione is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Actidione decomposes rapidly in alkali at room temperature.

• Health Hazard

  Actidione is extremely toxic; the probable oral lethal dose in humans is 5-50 mg/kg, or 7 drops to 1 teaspoonful for a 150-lb. person.

• Brandgefahr

  When exposed to heat, Actidione emits toxic fumes, including nitrogen oxides.

• Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung

  Fungicide; plant growth regulator: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Used as an antibiotic, plant growth regulator, and protein synthesis inhibitor. Inhibits growth of many plant pathogenic fungi. Effective for control of powdery mildew on roses and many other ornamentals, rusts and leaf spots on lawn grasses, and azalea petal blight. Also used as a repellent for rodents and other animal pests and in cancer therapy. Not listed for use in EU countries

• Handelsname

  ACTI-AID®[C]; ACTIDIONE®[C]; ACTIDIONE® TGF[C]; ACTIDONE®; ACTIDONE® PM; ACTIDONE® TGF; ACTISPRAY; HIZAROCIN®; KAKEN®; NARAMYCIN®; NARAMYCIN A®; NEOCYCLOHEXIMIDE®; U-4527

• Biologische Aktivität

  Selective inhibitor of eukaryotic (over prokaryotic) protein synthesis, blocking tRNA binding and release from ribosomes. Induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed and normal cell lines, including T-cells. Competitively inhibits the PPIase hFKBP12 (K i = 3.4 μ M). Antifungal antibiotic.

• Pharmakologie

  Strongly inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi but no effects on bacterial growth, even at 100 mg/ml. Inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the translocation step in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes. When ingested by animals, the agent causes excitement, tremors, salivation, diarrhea, and melena.

• mögliche Exposition

  A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation, or application of this fun- gicide and pesticide. Used as an antibiotic, plant growth regulator, and protein synthesis inhibitor. Used on oranges for processing and to inhibit growth of many pathogenic plant fungi. Also used as a repellent for rodents and other animal pests; and in cancer therapy.

• in vitro

  cycloheximide blocks the movement of peptidyl-trna from acceptor site to the donor site on reticulocyte ribosomes. this translocation reaction is dependent on the transfer enzyme, tf-ii, and gtp hydrolysis. cycloheximide has no effect on the ribosome dependent gtpase activity of tf-ii or peptidyl transferase reaction by which peptides on trna in the donor ribosomal site are transferred to an amino acid on trna in the acceptor site [1].

• in vivo

  cycloheximide treatment was effective in attenuating rat brain injury within a 6 hr therapeutic window after hypoxia-ischemia in a newborn rat pup model. these data support the possibility that protein synthesis inhibitors, as well as other anti-apoptotic strategies, may have therapeutic utility in hypoxic-ischemic (hi) events of the developing newborn brain even when treatment is delayed for up to 6 hr after the primary asphyxial insult [2].

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.Medical observation is recommended for 24-48 h following skin contact.

• Carcinogenicity

  Cycloheximide is genotoxic in Escherichia coli with metabolic activation and in the mouse sperm morphology assay. Carcinogenicity bioassays in the mouse and rat are inconclusive.

• Environmental Fate

  CHX is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in animals. It binds to E-site of 70S ribosome-mRNA complex, blocking the translational step of protein biosynthesis. It causes an increase in adrenal RNA and increased production of glucocorticoids.

• Stoffwechsel

  Rapidly inactivated at room temperature by diluted alkali with the formation of a volatile, fragrant ketone, 2,4- dimethylcyclohexanone. Hazardous to fish and wildlife.

• Lager

  room temperature

• läuterung methode

  It crystallises from H2O /MeOH (4:1), amyl acetate, isopropyl acetate/isopropyl ether or H2O. [Beilstein 21/13 V 434.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  Skin irritant. LD₅₀ 2 mg/kg (rat, orl); 133 mg/kg (mice, Ipr); 65 mg/kg (guinea pig); 60 mg/kg (monkey). Teratogenic effects.
  To remove toxicant from gut, activated charcoal and a catharitic dose of sodium sulfate are effective. Mechanisms of toxicity are not well defined, but hydrocortisone is antidotal, particularly in combination with the adrenergic agent methoxyphenamine.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Incompatible with oxidizers, acid anhy- drides; strong bases.

• Waste disposal

  High-temperature incinerator with flue gas scrubbing equipment.

• Einzelnachweise

  1) Merck 14:2728

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