1,1-Dichlorethan

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H225：Flüssigkeit und Dampf leicht entzündbar.

  H302：Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.

  H319：Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.

  H335：Kann die Atemwege reizen.

  H412：Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, mit langfristiger Wirkung.

• Sicherheit

  P210：Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.

  P233：Behälter dicht verschlossen halten.

  P240：Behälter und zu befüllende Anlage erden.

  P273：Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

  P301+P312：BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

1,1-Dichloroethane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

  FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.

• PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

  Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.

• CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

  Zersetzung beim Erhitzen und Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Phosgen(s. ICSC 0007) und Chlorwasserstoff(s. ICSC 0163). Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln, Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallen und pulverförmigen Metallen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift Aluminium, Eisen und Polyethylen an. Kontakt mit starken Alkalien führt zur Bildung entzündlichen und giftigen Acetaldehydgases.

• ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

  TLV: 100 ppm (als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
  MAK: 100 ppm, 410 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2006).
  

• AUFNAHMEWEGE

  Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.

• INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

  Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

• WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

  WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
  Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit führen.

• WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

  Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Nieren und Leber.

• LECKAGE

  Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R11:Leichtentzündlich.
  R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
  R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
  R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
  R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
  R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
  S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
  S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
  S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.

• Beschreibung

  Chlorinated aliphatics as a class are known to cause central nervous system (CNS) depression and respiratory tract and dermal irritation when humans are exposed by inhalation to sufficiently high concentrations. In the past, 1,1-dichloroethane was used as an anesthetic; however, this use was discontinued due to the risk of induction of cardiac arrhythmia in humans. Crystal precipitations and obstruction in the renal tubule lumina and increases in serum urea and creatinine were observed in cats exposed to this compound for weeks. However, these effects were not observed in rats, guinea pigs, or rabbits. However, kidney effectswere observed inmice administered a lethal intraperitoneal injection; the effects included increased glucose and protein in the urine and tubular swelling. The toxicological significance of the nephrotoxicity observed in cats and the mice with regard to human health is not known given the small number of animals tested (cats).The detectionof 1,1-dichoroethane or itsmetabolites in blood and urine cannot predict the type of health effects that might develop from that exposure; because 1,1-dichloroethane and its metabolites leave the body fairly rapidly, the tests need to be conducted within hours to days after exposure.

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  Also ethylidene chloride,CH3CHCl2 is a colorless,neutral,mobile liquid with an aromatic ethereal odor and saccharin taste. Soluble in alcohol, ether,fixed and volatile oils and very sparingly soluble in water. It is used as an extraction solvent and fumigant.

• Physikalische Eigenschaften

  1,1-Dichloroethane is a clear, colorless, oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is more polar than trans but less polar than cis form.Two chlorine atoms are not on the same side of the plane,hence the net dipole is going to be lesser than cis form.

• Verwenden

  1,1-Dichloroethane is used as a chemical solvent in the preparation of precursors of quinolizine, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids.

• Verwenden

  Solvent for paint, varnishes; degreaser. Has been used as a surgical anesthetic.

• Verwenden

  Ethylidene dichloride is primarily used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure to high levels of ethylidene dichloride in humans results in central nervous system (CNS) depression and a cardiostimulating effect resulting in cardiac arrhythmias. Studies in animals have reported effects on the kidney. No information is available on the chronic (long-term) reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ethylidene dichloride in humans. An oral animal study reported a significantly positive dose-related trend in hemangiosarcomas, mammary tumors, liver tumors, and endometrial stromal polyps. EPA has classified ethylidene dichloride as a Group C, possible human carcinogen.
  Primary uses are:
  Ethylidene dichloride is primarily used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals such as vinyl chloride and 1,1,1- trichloroethane, and to manufacture high vacuum rubber.
  Ethylidene dichloride has limited use as a solvent for plastics, oils, and fats.
  In the past, ethylidene dichloride was used as an anesthetic, but that use has been discontinued.
  Ethylidene dichloride is a colorless oily liquid which is very volatile. It has an odor similar to ether; the odor threshold is 120 parts per million (ppm).

• Definition

  ChEBI: 1,1-Dichloroethane is an organochlorine compound.

• Allgemeine Beschreibung

  A colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Slightly soluble in water and slightly denser than water. Flash point below 70°F. Vapors denser than air. Used to make other chemicals.

• Air & Water Reaktionen

  Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

• Reaktivität anzeigen

  1,1-DICHLOROETHANE can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE is incompatible with strong bases. Contact with strong caustics will cause formation of flammable and toxic gas. 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.

• Hazard

  Toxic. Eye and upper respiratory tract irritant; kidney and liver damage. Questionable carcinogen.

• Health Hazard

  INHALATION: Irritation of respiratory tract. Salivation, sneezing, coughing, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. EYES: Irritation, lacrimation, and reddening of conjunctiva. SKIN: Irritation. Prolonged or repeated skin contact can produce a slight burn. INGESTION: Ingestion incidental to industrial handling is not considered to be a problem. Swallowing of substantial amounts could cause nausea, vomiting, faintness, drowsiness, cyanosis, and circulatory failure.

• Sicherheitsprofil

  Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Liver damage reported in experimental animals. A very dangerous fire hazard and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene and Cl-

• mögliche Exposition

  It is used as a solvent; cleaning and degreasing agent; as well as in organic synthesis as an intermediate

• Erste Hilfe

  If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. If victim is conscious, administer water ormilk. Do not induce vomiting.

• Carcinogenicity

  The EPA 2010 classifies 1,1- dichloroethane in group C, a possible human carcinogen, based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) as shown by an increased incidence of mammary gland adenocarcinomas and hemangiosarcomas in female rats and an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and benign uterine polyps in mice. The EPA offers no estimate of carcinogenic risk from inhalation or oral exposure. The EPA states (IRIS) that because of similarities in structure and target organs, the carcinogenic evidence for 1,2-dichloroethane is supportive of the classification of 1,1-dichloroethane in group C, a possible human carcinogen. The EPA considers the animal carcinogenicity “limited.”

• Environmental Fate

  Biological. 1,1-Dichloroethane showed significant degradation with gradual adaptation in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 91 and 83, respectively. At a substrate concentration of 5 mg/L, 19% was lost due to volatilization after 10 d (Tabak et al., 1981). Under anoxic conditions, indigenous microbes in uncontaminated sediments produced vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al., 1986).
  Surface Water. The following volatilization half-lives were reported for 1,1-dichloroethane: 6 to 9 d in a pond, 5 to 8 d in a lake, 24 to 32 h in a river (Smith et al., 1980).
  Photolytic. Titanium dioxide suspended in an aqueous solution and irradiated with UV light (λ = 365 nm) converted 1,1-dichloroethane to carbon dioxide at a significant rate (Matthews, 1986). The initial photodissociation product of 1,1-dichloroethane was reported to be chloroacetyl chloride (U.S. EPA, 1975). This compound is readily hydrolyzed to HCl and chloroacetic acid (Morrison and Boyd, 1971).
  The rate constant for the reaction of 1,1-dichloroethane and OH radicals in the atmosphere at 300 K is 1.6 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec (Hendry and Kenley, 1979). At 296 K, a photooxidation rate constant of 2.6 x 10^-13 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction with OH radicals resulting in a half-life of 1.5 months (Howard and Evenson, 1976).
  Chemical/Physical. A glass bulb containing air and 1,1-dichloroethane degraded outdoors to carbon dioxide and HCl. The half-life for this reaction was 17 wk (Pearson and McConnell, 1975). Hydrolysis of 1,1-dichloroethane under alkaline conditions yielded vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde, and HCl (Kollig, 1993). The reported hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 61.3 yr (Jeffers et al., 1989).

• Lager

  Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Store ina flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet awayfrom ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials.Prior to working with this chemical you should be trainedon its proper handling and storage. Before entering confinedspace where this chemical may be present, check to makesure that an explosive concentration does not exist. 1,1-Dichloroethane must be stored to avoid contact with strongoxidizers, such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine, sinceviolent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers ina cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources ofignition, such as smoking and open flames are prohibitedwhere 1,1-dichloroethane is used, handled, or stored in amanner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Metal containers used in the transfer of=gallons ormore of 1,1-dichloroethane should be grounded and bonded.Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressurevacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparkingtools and equipment, especially when opening and closingcontainers of 1,1-dichloroethane.

• Versand/Shipping

  UN2362 1,1-Dichloroethane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

• läuterung methode

  Shake it with conc H2SO4 or aqueous KMnO4, then wash it with water, saturated aqueous NaHCO3, again with water, dry with K2CO3 and distil it from CaH2 or CaSO4. Store it over silica gel. [Beilstein 1 IV 130.]

• Toxicity evaluation

  Production and use of 1,1-dichloroethane as a chemical intermediate, in paint removers, and as a antiknock gasoline additive may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, it will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,1-dichloroethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life, 49 days). 1,1-Dichloroethane when released to soil is expected to have very high mobility based on a Koc of 30. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process of this compound. 1,1-Dichloroethane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on its vapor pressure. Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons are generally considered to be resistant to biodegradation. However, in water, 1,1-dichloroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments based on the Koc. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 h and 4 days, respectively. An estimated bioconcentration factor of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The environmental hydrolysis half-life at 25°C and pH 7 is 61 years.

• Inkompatibilitäten

  Vapor may form explosive mixture with air. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, alkali metals; earth-alkali metals; powdered metals; causing fire and explosion hazard. Contact with strong caustic will produce flammable and toxic acetaldehyde gas. Attacks aluminum, iron. Attacks some plastics (including polyethylene) and coatings.

• Waste disposal

  Incineration; preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal

1,1-Dichloroethane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

1,1-Dichlorethan Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global(124)Suppliers

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