Trioxysalen

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

• Bildanzeige (GHS)

  

• Alarmwort

  Achtung

• Gefahrenhinweise

  H314：Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden.

  H341：Kann vermutlich genetische Defekte verursachen.

• Sicherheit

  P202：Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.

  P260：Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.

  P280：Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.

  P303+P361+P353：BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen oder duschen.

  P305+P351+P338：BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

TRIOXSALEN Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

• R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
  R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.

• S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

  S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
  S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
  S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).

• Chemische Eigenschaften

  White to slightly beige crystalline powder

• Originator

  Trisoralen,Elder,US,1965

• Verwenden

  melanizing agent, antipsoriatic

• Verwenden

  Trioxsalen has been used:
  
  • to induce small deletion mutations in worms
  • in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA)
  • to induce interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in DNA
  • for the preparation and photoactivation of trimethyl psoralen
  
  

• Definition

  ChEBI: 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phot therapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermi .

• Indications

  Trioxsalen (Trisoralen) followed by UVA exposure is used to repigment vitiliginous areas and in photochemotherapy.

• Manufacturing Process

  (A) Preparation of 7-Hydroxy-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: Chilled ethyl acetoacetate (157 ml, 1.20 mols) followed by 2-methyl-resorcinol (130 g, 1.04 mols) was dissolved in well-stirred concentrated sulfuric acid (600 ml) at such a rate as to keep the temperature below 10°C (ice bath). The stirred solution was allowed to warm gradually and after 3 hours was added to water (ca 8 liters) with mechanical stirring. The product was collected, washed twice with water, and dried at 70° to 80°C until the first sign of darkening. Yield 191.3 g (95.4%). Recrystallization from aqueous ethanol gave 7-hydroxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin as colorless needles, MP 260.5° to 261°C. In dilute sodium hydroxide, the compound gives a yellow solution which exhibits blue fluorescence. (B) Preparation of 7-Allyloxy-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: 7-Hydroxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin (191.3 g, 1.01 mols), anhydrous potassium carbonate (604 g, 4.37 mols), and allyl bromide (578 ml, 6.22 mols) were refluxed overnight in acetone (ca 3 liters) with mechanical stirring. The reaction mixture was concentrated nearly to dryness on a steam bath under reduced pressure, water (ca 8 liters) was added, and the product was collected by filtration. It was washed with 5% NaOH and water (ca 1.5-liter portions) and was dried in a vacuum desiccator. The dry solid was washed with petroleum ether (30° to 60°C) to remove excess allyl bromide. Removal of the petroleum ether under reduced pressure left 210.0 g (90.7% yield) of product. The 7-allyloxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin was crystallized from aqueous ethanol as colorless needles, MP 108° to 109°C.
  (C) Preparation of 6-Allyl-7-Hydroxy-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: 7-Allyloxy-4,8- dimethylcoumarin (195.0 g, 0.84 mol) was heated (oil bath) to 2154°C (reaction mixture temperature) for 3 hours and was then poured into absolute alcohol (ca 1.5 liters). Activated carbon (Norite) (19.5 g) was added, and the solution was heated to boiling, filtered, and diluted with excess water (ca 12 liters). The product was collected by filtration and partially dried at 70°C for 6 hours. 6-Allyl-7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin was obtained as pale yellow microcrystalline prisms, MP 166° to 168°C, by two recrystallizations from aqueous ethanol of a portion of the partially dried solid. The remaining partially dried solid was used in the next step.
  (D) Preparation of 7-Acetoxy-6-Allyl-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: A solution of the partially dried 6-allyl-7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin obtained in the previous step, acetic anhydride (915 ml, 9.7 mols) and fused sodium acetate (2 g) was refluxed for 4 hours and added to water (ca 8 liters) with mechanical stirring. After excess acetic anhydride had decomposed, the 7- acetoxy-6-allyl-4,8-dimethylcoumarin was collected by filtration, dried, and recrystallized from absolute alcohol, MP 144.5° to 145.5°C. Yield 145.4 g (63.8%, based on 7-allyloxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin).
  (E) Preparation of 7-Acetoxy-6-(2',3'-Dibromopropyl)-4,8-Dimethylcoumarin: 7-Acetoxy-6-allyl-4,8-dimethylcoumarin (145.4 g, 0.534 mol) was dissolved in chloroform (ca 800 ml). The stirred solution was cooled in an ice bath and bromine (85.2 g, 0.534 mol) in chloroform (200 ml) was added at such a rate as to keep the temperature below 25°C. Evaporation of chloroform on the steam bath left an off-white residue of the crude dibromide. Yield 230.6 g (quantitative). 7-Acetoxy-6-(2',3'-dibromopropyl)-4,8-dimethylcoumarin was crystallized from ethanol as colorless prisms, MP 141.5° to 142.5°C. (F) Preparation of 2',4,8-Trimethylpsoralen: Crude 7-acetoxy-6-(2',3'- dibromopropyl)-4,8-dimethylcoumarin (245.7 g, 0.57 mol) was refluxed for 1 1/2 hours with a stirred solution of sodium (65.4 g, 2.85 mols) in a magnesium-dried ethanol (2.1 liters). After standing at room temperature for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was poured into a stirred mixture of ice (8,000 g) and a 3.5% HCl (8 liters). Twelve hours later, the precipitate had coagulated and was collected by filtration; it

• Trademarks

  Trisoralen (Valeant).

• Therapeutic Function

  Dermal pigmentation enhancer

• Biologische Aktivität

  trioxsalen has been reported to intercalate into dna forming dna single-strand adducts and interstrand crosslinks when activated with uv light.

• Biochem/physiol Actions

  Photochemical crosslinker of DNA that has been used as a probe for nucleic acid structure and function. Trioxsalen has also been used to crosslink DNA onto mica surfaces.

• in vitro

  trioxsalen (trimethylpsoralen, trioxysalen or trisoralen) is a furanocoumarin and a psoralen derivative. it is obtained from several plants, mainly psoralea corylifolia. like other psoralens it causes photosensitization of the skin. after photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in dna, which can cause programmed cell death unless repaired by cellular mechanisms. in research it can be conjugated to dyes for confocal microscopy and used to visualize sites of dna damage [1].

• in vivo

  mice received 3h-trioxsalen either orally or intraperitoneally. it was found that over 88% of trioxsalen, after po or i.p. administration, was excreted in the urine within 8 hours and over 90% within 12 hours. the distribution patterns of trioxsalen radioactivity demonstrated that trioxsalen was selectively present in liver, skin, and blood and was barely detectable in other organs. the highest values were observed between 2 and 6 hours and diminished rapidly thereafter [1].

• läuterung methode

  Purify trioxsalen by recrystallisation from CHCl3. If too impure, it is fractionally crystallised from CHCl3/pet ether (b 30-60o) using Norit and finally crystallised from CHCl3 alone to give colourless prisms, m 234.5-235o. It is a photosensitiser so it should be stored in the dark. [UV: Kaufmann J Org Chem 26 117 1961, Baeme et al. J Chem Soc 2976 1949, Beilstein 19/4 V 472.]

• Einzelnachweise

  [1] mahmoud m. a. hassan. trioxsalen. analytical profiles of drug substances volume 10, 1981, pages 705-727.

TRIOXSALEN Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Trioxysalen Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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