2-Butanol

Bezeichnung:2-Butanol

CAS-Nr78-92-2

Englisch Name:2-Butanol

CBNumberCB0751661

SummenformelC4H10O

Molgewicht74.12

MOL-Datei78-92-2.mol

Synonyma

Butan-2-ol

2-Butanol

sec-Butylalkohol

2-Butanol physikalisch-chemischer Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt	−115 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt	98 °C(lit.)
Dichte	0.808 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte	2.6 (vs air)
Dampfdruck	12.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex	n20/D 1.397(lit.)
Flammpunkt	80 °F
storage temp.	Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Löslichkeit	125g/l
Aggregatzustand	Liquid
pka	>14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
Farbe	Colorless
Relative polarity	0.506
Geruch (Odor)	Strong, pleasant.
Säure-Base-Indikators(pH-Indikatoren)	7
Geruchsart	fruity
Odor Threshold	0.22ppm
Explosionsgrenze	1.4-9.8%(V)
Wasserlöslichkeit	12.5 g/100 mL (20 ºc)
Sensitive	Hygroscopic
Merck	14,1541
BRN	1718765
Henry's Law Constant	1.19 (static headspace-GC, Merk and Riederer, 1997)
Dielectric constant	15.8（25℃）
Expositionsgrenzwerte	TLV-TWA 450 mg/m³ (150 ppm) (NIOSH), 305 mg/m³ (100 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 10,000 ppm.
Stabilität	Stable. Flammable. Substances to be avoided include acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, oxidizing agents and halogens.
InChIKey	BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP	0.610
CAS Datenbank	78-92-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen	2-Butanol(78-92-2)
EPA chemische Informationen	2-Butanol (78-92-2)

Sicherheit

Kennzeichnung gefährlicher	Xi
R-Sätze:	10-36/37-67
S-Sätze:	13-24/25-26-46-7/9
RIDADR	UN 1120 3/PG 3
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 100 ppm (305 mg/m3), STEL: 150 ppm (455 mg/m3)
WGK Germany	1
RTECS-Nr.	EO1750000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur	761 °F
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	3
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29051490
Giftige Stoffe Daten	78-92-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität	LD50 orally in Rabbit: 6480 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 2000 mg/kg
IDLA	2,000 ppm

Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)

2-Butanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bildung explosionsfähiger Peroxide. Reagiert mit Aluminium beim Erhitzen auf 100°C, starken Oxidationsmitteln wie Chromtrioxid unter Bildung brennbarer/explosionsfähiger Gase (z.B. Wasserstoff, ICSC-Nr. 0001.) Greift einige Kunststoff-, Gummi- und Beschichtungsarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 100 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen. Exposition weit oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S13:Von Nahrungsmitteln, Getränken und Futtermitteln fernhalten.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S7/9:Behälter dicht geschlossen an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Colourless liquid
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 400 μg/m³ (120 ppb_v) and 1.2 mg/m³ (410 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
Verwenden
2-Butanol is used in the production of methylethyl ketone and sec-butyl acetate, as asolvent in lacquers and alkyd enamels, in inhydraulic brake fluids, in cleaning compounds, and its xanthate derivatives in oreflotation. In addition, it is used to polish, clean materials, paint removers, fruit essences, perfumes, and dyestuffs.
Definition
ChEBI: A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.
Vorbereitung Methode
There are two ways to produce 2-Butanol in industry. The first is the butene hydration method. After pretreatment, n-butene is hydrated with sulfuric acid to obtain 2-Butanol, which is purified to obtain 2-Butanol. The second is the ion exchange resin hydration method, which uses n-butene as raw material, acidic cation exchange resin as catalyst, carries out liquid-phase esterification reaction with organic acid, and then undergoes hydrolysis and rectification to obtain the product.
Vorbereitung Methode
2-Butanol is produced commercially by the indirect hydration of n-butenes.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with an alcohol odor. Flash point below 0 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Soluble in water. Moderately irritates the eyes and skin. Prolonged and repeated contact may cause defatting and drying of the skin. Vapors may irritate the nose, throat and respiratory tract. May be harmful by ingestion.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water (Merck 11th ed. 1989). Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].
Hazard
Toxic, mutagenic, upper respiratory tract irritant, central nervous system impairment.
Health Hazard
Exposure to 2-butanol may cause irritationof the eyes and skin. The latter effect isproduced by its defatting action on skin. Thistoxic property is mild and similar to thatof other butanol isomers. High concentrationmay produce narcosis. The narcotic effect isstronger than that of n-butanol, probably dueto the higher vapor pressure of the secondaryalcohol.
The toxicity is lower than that of itsprimary alcohol analogue.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 6480 mg/kg.
Flammability and Explosibility
Flammable
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. See also nBUTYL ALCOHOL and ALCOHOLS. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Auto-oxidizes to an explosive peroxide. Ignites on contact with chromium trioxide. To fight fire, use water spray, alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
mögliche Exposition
Butyl alcohols are used as solvents for paints, lacquers, varnishes, natural and synthetic resins, gums, vegetable oils, dyes, camphor, and alkaloids. They are also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals; in the manufacture of artificial leather, safety glass; rubber and plastic cements, shellac, raincoats, photographic films, perfumes; and in plastic fabrication.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 2.15 and 2.49 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. The ThOD for sec-butyl alcohol is 2.59 g/g. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, 98.5% COD removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was 55.0 mg COD/g?h (Pitter, 1976).
Photolytic. The estimated half-life of sec-butyl alcohol for the reaction of OH radicals in air ranges from 129 d to 23 yr (Anbar and Neta, 1967).
Chemical/Physical. sec-Butyl alcohol will not hydrolyze in water because it does not contain a hydrolyzable group (Kollig, 1993).
Versand/Shipping
UN1120 Butanols, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3— Flammable liquid. UN1212 Isobutanol or Isobutyl alcohol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid
läuterung methode
Purification methods are the same as for n-Butanol. These include drying with K2CO3 or CaSO4, followed by filtration and fractional distillation, refluxing with CaO, distillation, then refluxing with magnesium and redistillation, and refluxing with, then distilling from CaH2. Calcium carbide has also been used as a drying agent. The anhydrous alcohol is obtained by refluxing with sec-butyl phthalate or succinate. (For method see Ethanol.) Small amounts of alcohol can be purified via conversion to the alkyl hydrogen phthalate and recrystallisation [Hargreaves J Chem Soc 3679 1956]. For purification of optical isomers, see Timmermans and Martin [J Chem Phys 25 411 1928]. [Beilstein 2 III 1566.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Butyl alcohols may form explosive mixture with air. In all cases they are Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. n-Butanol is incompatible with strong acids; halogens, caustics, alkali metals; aliphatic amines; isocyanates. sec-Butanol forms an explosive peroxide in air. Ignites with chromium trioxide. Incompatible with strong oxidizers; strong acids; aliphatic amines; isocyanates, organic peroxides. tert-Butanol is incompatible with strong acids (including mineral acid), including mineral acids; strong oxidizers or caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium). isoButanol is incompatible with strong acids; strong oxidizers; caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals and alkali earth. May react with aluminum at high temperatur
Waste disposal
Incineration, or bury absorbed waste in an approved land fill.

2-Butanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

2-Butanol Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

78-92-2, 2-Butanol Verwandte Suche:

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