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Raw materials And Preparation Products

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• Overview

  Quartz glass, Fused quartz, and  silica glass are synonyms for glass made from high purity quartz.  Quartz Glass is manufactured by melting naturally occurring high purity quartz sand at approximately 2000 °C, using either an electrically heated furnace (electrically fused) or a gas/oxygen-fueled furnace (flame fused). Fused quartz is normally transparent.
  Quartz glass is a kind of special glass composed of a single component of silica. According to its purity, it can be divided into high-purity quartz glass, ordinary quartz glass and doped quartz glass, three categories. According to transparency, it is divided into transparent and opaque, two categories; because of a series of excellent characteristics such as high purity, excellent performance for light penetration, high temperature resistance capability, thermal shock resistance, stable chemical property and resistance to radiation as well as electrical insulation, it is known as the "king of glass"; it can be made of tubes, rods, plates, blocks and fibers, can be processed into various shapes of equipment containers, can also be cut, polished, polished into prisms, lenses and other optical components. Being mixed with a small amount of impurities can be made of new varieties of special properties such as ultra-low temperature expansion, fluorescent quartz glass, etc.; thus widely used in semiconductor, new light source, optical, instrumentation, thermal, metallurgical, chemical and building materials industry and laser technology, space technology, astronomy, nuclear engineering, optical communication and other high-tech fields.
  A number of unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties have made quartz glass an indispensable material in the fabrication of high-tech products.;

• Physical and Chemical Properties

  It has high mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, and low coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent thermal shock resistance, good chemical stability, high dielectric strength and small refractive index. It has excellent property for being penetrated by light at the range of ultraviolet, visible and infrared light regions. It has excellent low or high temperature insulation performance;
  An overview of the quartz glass, physical and chemical properties, preparation methods, applications, etc. are edited by Ding Hong from Chemicalbook. (2015-11-16);

• Application

  • Transparent quartz glass is mainly used for semiconductor, electric light source, metallurgy and chemical industry and national defense science and technology.
  • Opaque quartz glass is mainly used for the chemical industry synthesis reactor, acid-resistant pipes, phosphor, optical glass melting pot, glass furnace refractories and other electrical and thermal materials.
  • Optical quartz glass UV optical quartz glass is mainly used for precision optical instruments, analytical instruments, astronomic instruments and space technology. Infrared optical quartz glass is mainly used for infrared detection and tracking system, apparatus of the precision optical instrument, the observation lens of the industrial furnace, missile radome, radar delay line and color TV delay line chip and so on.
  • Low-expansion quartz glass as a cavity material can improve the measurement accuracy of He-Ne laser and timing accuracy of atomic clock; as a kind of precision optical components, it is a high quality material for the lightweight astronomical telescope as well as a good material of the hagioscope for the spacecraft.
  • Fold-resistant quartz glass is used as materials for the anti-thermal shock optical window and structural material, especially used at high temperatures, which catalyze the crystallization of quartz glass with water vapor and oxygen.
  • Alkali-resistant quartz glass can be used for the production of metal halide lamp. It has stable light color, high light maintenance rate so that life expectancy can be doubled and the life of the self-ballasted fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp can be prolonged by more than three times, being a kind of ideal material for the manufacturing of the new light source system. It is mainly applied to various kinds of high-intensity gas discharge lamps of third-generation electric light source such as anti-sodium lamp, sodium ingot holding lamps, iodine filing lamp and high-pressure mercury lamp.
  • Doped quartz glass can be used in fields of laser range finder, laser fusion and diamond laser drilling.
  • UV filter quartz glass: UV filter quartz glass is suitable for the manufacturing of high-pressure mercury lamp, germicidal lamp and neon lamp to be applied to medical, film and other daily electric lighting field, preventing the radiation of short-wave ultraviolet on the human body and the formation of ozone in the air. Long wavelength ultraviolet light quartz glass, used as the platemaking light source of the colored photography, is conducive to the improvement of color chromaticity, used as the third generation of solid-state lasers and filter materials. The laser efficiency can be increased by 20 to 50% and the lifespan of the light source can be extended to more than a thousand times. It can be also eliminated of the damage of UV radiation on the human body and the corrosion of filter on the device and environmental pollution, allowing the laser miniaturization.
  • Quartz glass brick is mainly used as the refractory materials for making melting low-alkali glass furnace.
  • Quartz glass-ceramic used in metallurgy, chemical industry, glass, national defense and scientific research and other industries, especially for precision casting, infiltration nozzle of continuous casting steel and the fluid gate of the float glass melting furnace.
  • Fluorescence quartz glass is suitable for ultraviolet fluorescence instrument, high pressure liquid chromatography and other instruments.
  • Quartz glass fiber: the laser medical fiber made of quartz fiber can transport the laser into the cavity of the human body to be combined with other drugs. This can treat the cancers of the esophagus, trachea, rectum, stomach and other cavity as well as cancer of body surface such as breast and epidermis. The optical fiber sensor made of quartz fiber can transmit temperature, pressure, displacement, speed, voltage, and current as well as solution concentration. Compared with the traditional sensing technology, it is simple, anti-electromagnetic interference, fast and sensitive. It is small and exquisite when made of ultraviolet radiation meter to be used for UV radiative detection in the medical, chemical, electronics and public security. It has high sensitivity, good effect and low price.
  • Quartz glass spring is used in thermobalance, gravimeter, seismograph and other precision instruments. It is suitable for vacuum deposition.
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• Preparation

  (1) Chemical Vapor Deposition method (CVD)
  The silicon tetrachloride liquid is brought into the burner by the gas bubbling method, then the high temperature flame is produced by the combustion of the hydrogen-oxygen gas to hydrolyze and melt the gaseous silicon tetrachloride. After the reaction, the silicon dioxide is deposited on the substrate on. CVD deposition device can be divided into two kinds, horizontal and vertical according to the structure. In contrast, the base rod applied vertical layout inside the vertical deposition device, generating a higher deposition rate, being able to prepare large-size quartz glass.
  The reaction is as follows:
  SiCl4 (gas) + 2H2 + O2 (gas) → SiO2 ↓ + 4HCl ↑
  Quartz glass synthesized by CVD method has low metal impurity content, and its performance is better than that of fused silica glass, such as high deep ultraviolet transmittance, high optical uniformity and excellent radiation resistance, which can meet the needs of some high-tech fields. However, the quartz glass prepared by the CVD method has a serious drawback: since the preparation process is always in a hydrogen excess atmosphere, the content of hydroxyl groups in the prepared quartz glass is high. The researchers generally believe that the hydroxyl group led to that infrared absorption spectrum of quartz glass has a strong absorption peak at 2.73 μm, and the presence of hydroxyl groups can also lead to lower density of quartz glass, thereby reducing its mechanical properties and thermal properties.
  (2) High-frequency plasma flame method
  The most relevant part to the synthesis process is the plasma torch part in the whole deposition device. The torch is four-tube (shown in Fig. 3): the innermost quartz glass tube is used for conveying raw material gas, the second quartz glass tube is used for conveying oxygen, The third layer of quartz glass tube is used for conveying the working gas, the outermost layer adopts the oxygen-containing gas as the cooling gas, and the high-frequency coil surrounds the outermost quartz glass tube to excite the plasma; the raw material gas transported by the inner tube, after being mixed with the oxygen transported by the second layer, enters into the plasma area for reaction, and then generate quartz glass particles to be deposited on the base for completing the process of vitrification and obtaining high-quality hydrogen-free quartz glass ingot or quartz glass mound.
  
  
    Figure 1 is the torch of four-tube quartz;

• References

  https://www.heraeus.com/en/hqs/fused_silica_quartz_knowledge_base/properties/properties.aspx
  http://www.thequartzcorp.com/en/applications/quartz-glass.html;

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