521-31-3

Raw materials And Preparation Products

Hazard Information

General Description

Yellow crystals or light beige powder.

Reactivity Profile

Oxidation of O-AMINOPHTHALYL HYDRAZIDE(521-31-3) is accompanied by a striking emission of light. . .

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Health Hazard

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition this compound emits toxic fumes.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for this material are not available, but O-AMINOPHTHALYL HYDRAZIDE is probably combustible.

Synthesis

The synthesis of Luminol is as follows: To a reaction tube, add 140 mg of 3-nitrophthalhydrazide and 1.0 mL of 3 M sodium hydroxide solution. Stir with a rod, and to the resulting deep brown-red solution add 0.6 g of sodium hydrosulfite dihydrate (Na2S2O4 · 2 H2O, MW 210.2). Wash down the sides of the tube with a small amount of water. Heat to a gentle boil and keep the tube hot for 5 minutes. During this time some product may begin to crystallize. Add 0.4 mL of acetic acid, cool the tube in cold water, and stir. Collect the light-yellow product Luminol by suction filtration.

storage

Room temperature

Purification Methods

Dissolve luminol in KOH solution, treat with Norit (charcoal), filter and precipitate it with conc HCl. [Hardy et al. Talanta 24 297 1977.] Store it in the dark in an inert atmosphere, because its structure changes during its luminescence. It has been recrystallised from 0.1M KOH [Merenyi et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 77716 1986]. [Beilstein 25 II 389, 25 III/IV 4192.]

Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)

Questions And Answer

• Chemical fluorescent molecules

  Luminol is an organic compound which, when oxidized, emits light — a phenomenon known as chemiluminescence.  This is similar to the reactions that fireflies uses to emit light, and to those used in "glow-sticks" and some roadside emergency lights. In this reaction, a small amount of luminol (3-aminophthalhydrazide or 5-amino-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-phthalazinedione) is dissolved in a basic aqueous solution, which also contains a small amount of copper(II) sulfate.  To this solution is added a solution of a mild oxidizing agent, which is 0.3% hydrogen peroxide in the demonstration below.  (Bleach is also used in some recipes as the oxidizing agent.)  The reaction is believed to occur by the following mechanism:
  ;

• Chemiluminescence method

  Luminol chemiluminescence has been trialed for estimating the PMI from skeletal remains. Luminol methods are based on the reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide which is catalyzed by iron in hemoglobin found in fluids and tissues from bodies. This reaction results in a chemiluminescence light which can be measured by various means .;

• Chemical properties

  Yellow crystalline powder, Easily soluble in lye, soluble in dilute acid but almost insoluble in water and hardly soluble in alcohol. When its neutral or weak acidic solution is exposed to ultraviolet light, it exhibits strongly bright blue fluorescence. Melting point: 329-332 ° C;

• Uses

  1.    It can be used as chemical analysis reagents, indicators.
  2.    It can be used for chemiluminescence analysis such as measurement of metal cations, blood and glucocorticoids;

• Hazards & Safety Information

  Category Toxic substances
  Toxic grading poisoning
  Acute toxicity Oral – rat; LD50: > 500 mg/kg
  Flammability and Hazardous properties it is combustible with combustion producing toxic nitrogen oxide fumes
  Storage and transportation characteristics warehouse: ventilated, low temperature and dry
  Fire extinguishing agent dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water;

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