ChemicalBook CAS DataBase List 10038-98-9

10038-98-9

Name	Germanium chloride
CAS	10038-98-9
EINECS(EC#)	233-116-7
Molecular Formula	Cl4Ge
MDL Number	MFCD00011029
Molecular Weight	214.45
MOL File	10038-98-9.mol

Chemical Properties

Appearance	Colorless liquid. decomposes in water. Insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid; soluble in carbon disulfide, chloroform, benzene, alcohol, and ether.
Melting point	-49.5 °C
Boiling point	83 °C(lit.)
density	1.844 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure	76 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index	1.4644
Fp	83.1°C
storage temp.	Store below +30°C.
solubility	Soluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid.
form	Liquid
color	Colorless
Specific Gravity	1.88
PH	<1 (H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility	DECOMPOSES
Hydrolytic Sensitivity	8: reacts rapidly with moisture, water, protic solvents
Sensitive	Moisture Sensitive
Merck	14,4410
Dielectric constant	2.4（25℃）
CAS DataBase Reference	10038-98-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Germanium tetrachloride(10038-98-9)
EPA Substance Registry System	10038-98-9(EPA Substance)

Safety Data

Hazard Codes	C
Risk Statements	R14:Reacts violently with water. R34:Causes burns. less more
Safety Statements	S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice . S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing . S36:Wear suitable protective clothing . S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) . S8:Keep container dry . S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection . S25:Avoid contact with eyes . less more
RIDADR	UN 3390 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	LY5225000
F	10-19
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	8
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	28273985
Safety Profile	Poison by intravenous route. Mddly toxic by inhalation. A skin, severe eye, and mucous membrane irritant. Will react violently with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also GERMANIUM COMPOUNDS. less more

Raw materials And Preparation Products

Hazard Information

Hazard

Toxic material

Chemical Properties

Colorless liquid. decomposes in water. Insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid; soluble in carbon disulfide, chloroform, benzene, alcohol, and ether.

Uses

Germanium(IV) chloride is used in the microwave preparation of Ge2Cl6, a colorless crystalline material which was included in a further study of low-valent germanium compounds.1
Germanium(IV) chloride is used in the preparation of many germanium compounds.

Uses

It is used as a catalyst in the conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquids, as a reducing agent in combination with triphenylphosphine (TPP) for the reduction of alpha-bromo carboxylic acid derivatives, and in the production of pure germanium. It also finds use as an intermediate for several optical processes. It is one of the most important dopants in silica glass for optical fibers. It is employed in the preparation of germanium dioxide which is used for wide camera lens, microscopy, IR-transparent glasses/windows/lenses, and for the core of fiber-optic lines.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Purification Methods

Traces of Cl2 and HCl can be removed from the liquid by blowing dry air through it for a few hours at room temperature or by shaking it with Hg or Hg2Cl2 and then fractionating it in a vacuum. It decomposes on heating at 950o. It has a sharp penetrating odour and fumes in moist air to give a chalky coat of GeO2. It is slowly hydrolysed by H2O to give GeO2, but distils from conc HCl. [Foster et al. Inorg Synth II 109 1946, Dennis & Hance J Am Chem Soc 44 304 1922, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 715 1963.] LACHRYMATORY. Glass powder (100-300 mesh). Washed with 10% HNO3, water and dry in air.

Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)

Questions And Answer

Physical Properties
Colorless liquid; density 1.879 g/cm3 at 20°C and 1.844 g/cm3 at 30°C; refractive index 1.464; solidifies at –49.5°C; decomposes in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride; insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. ;
Preparation
Germanium(IV) chloride is prepared by reacting germanium metal with chlorine; or by treating germanium oxide, GeO2, with hydrochloric acid:
Ge + 2Cl2 → GeCl4
GeO2 + 4HCl → GeCl4 + 2H2O
Germanium(IV) chloride often is obtained as a byproduct of germanium metal production. The process involves heating germanium oxide, GeO2, with sodium chloride and coal. The vapors of germanium(IV) chloride and other volatile chlorides formed from the impurity metals are condensed. The product is isolated by fractional distillation. Further purification may be achieved by fractional distillation in 8N HCl and chlorine, or in the presence of other oxidizing agents in quartz stills.
Germanium(IV) chloride also is obtained by chlorination of germanium(II) chloride at ambient temperature. The reaction is rapid.
GeCl2 + Cl2 → GeCl4 ;
Reactions
Germanium(IV) chloride reacts with water, hydrolyzing to germanium oxide and hydrochloric acid:
GeCl4 + 2H2O → GeO2 + 4HCl
The rate of hydrolysis is slower than the corresponding silicon analog, with hydrolysis occurring only partially. When heated with hydrogen at 1,000°C in a quartz reactor, it is converted into germanium(I) chloride, condensing onto the wall of the reactor:
2GeCl4 + 3H2→ 2GeCl + 6HCl
When vapors of GeCl4 are passed over germanium at elevated temperatures, the product is germanium(II) chloride, GeCl2:
GeCl4 + Ge→ 2GeCl2
Reaction with lithium aluminum hydride in ether forms monogermane, GeH4:
GeCl4 + LiAlH4 →GeH4 + LiCl + AlCl3
Reactions with antimony trifluoride, SbF3 in the presence of antimony pentachloride, SbCl5, form mixed halides of compositions: GeCl3F, GeCl3F2, GeCl2F2, and GeClF3.
Reactions with alcohols in the presence of an amine yield alkoxides:
GeCl4 + 4CH3OH + 4C2H5NH2 → Ge(OCH3)4 + 4C2H5N•HCl
Germanium forms six coordinate adducts, such as GeCl4(L)2 with many neutral ligands. ;

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Raw materials

Preparation Products

Hazard Information

Hazard

Chemical Properties

Uses

Uses

Flammability and Explosibility

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Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)

Questions And Answer

Physical Properties

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