Фосфид цинка

Описание

Zinc phosphide, trizinc diphosphide, is an amorphous gray-black powder with a garlic-like odor. It is practically insoluble in water (decomposes slowly), ethanol, slightly soluble in carbon disulfide, and benzene [9, p. 967]. Zinc phosphide is produced by heating finely powdered zinc with phosphorus (10).

Химические свойства

Zinc phosphide is a gray crystalline solid.

Использование

Zinc phosphide has been used since the second world war, and is most commonly used as an effective insecticide and rodenticide. Zinc phosphide is highly toxic due to its production of phosphine gas, and can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and dyspnea in those (animal or human) that are exposed.

Общее описание

ZINC PHOSPHIDE is a dark gray granular solid. ZINC PHOSPHIDE is slowly decomposed by water giving off phosphine, a flammable poison gas. ZINC PHOSPHIDE is toxic by ingestion. ZINC PHOSPHIDE is used in medicine and as a rat poison.

Профиль реактивности

ZINC PHOSPHIDE is a reducing agent. They slowly generate flammable or noxious gases in contact with water. Phosphides react quickly upon contact with moisture or acids to give the very toxic gas phosphine; phosphides also can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. In general, materials in this group are incompatible with oxidizers such as atmospheric oxygen. They are violently incompatible with acids, particularly oxidizing acids.

Угроза здоровью

ZINC PHOSPHIDE is very caustic when ingested. ZINC PHOSPHIDE reacts with water and acid in the stomach and causes severe irritation. The probable oral lethal dose is 5-50 mg/kg, or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Most patients die after about 30 hours from peripheral vascular collapse secondary to the compound's direct effects. Extensive liver damage and kidney damage can also occur. Ingestion of 4-5 grams has produced death in human adults, but also doses of 25 to 50 grams have been survived. The lowest oral lethal dose reported for women is 80 mg/kg.

Пожароопасность

When heated to decomposition, ZINC PHOSPHIDE emits toxic fumes of phosphorus and zinc oxides. Irritating oxides of phosphorus may be formed in fires. May ignite in presence of moisture. Contact with water produces flammable gas. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Decomposed slowly by water giving off phosphine, a flammable poison gas. Reacts violently with concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other oxidizing agents. Reacts with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid with the evolution of spontaneously flammable phosphine. May ignite in the presence of moisture, or evolve flammable gas. Stable unless exposed to moisture; toxic phosphine gas may then be released and collected in closed spaces. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Rodenticide: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Registered for use in EU countries . Zinc phosphide reacts with the acidic conditions in the gut to form phosphine gas, which interferes with cell respiration. The rodenticide may be used to control many species of rodents, including mice, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, voles, moles, rats, muskrats, nutria and gophers. It may be used as an indoor or outdoor spot treatment for rodents as well as around burrows or underground in orchards, vineyards, various food crops, range lands, and non-crop areas. Zinc phosphide is formulated as a bait/solid, dust, granular, pellet/ tablet or wettable powder and is also applied as a broadcast treatment by ground or aerial applications.

Торговое название

BAKER BRAND®[C]; BLUE-OX®; E-Z FLO®[C]; GOPHA-RID®; HOPKINS®; KILRAT®; MOLETOX II®; MOUS-CON®; MR. KILL RAT®; MR RAT GUARD®; NOTT ZINC PHOSPHIDE 93®; RATOL®; ROBAN II AG®[C]; RUMETAN®; ZINC- TOX®; ZP®

Профиль безопасности

Human poison by ingestion causing nausea, vomiting, death. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. This material is stable while kept dry. In moist air, it decomposes slowly. Reacts violently with acids or acid fumes to emit the hghly toxic and flammable phosphine. Violent reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and oxidzing materials. Incompatible with HCl, H2SO4. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and ZnO. Used as an acute rodenticide. See also PHOSPHIDES and ZINC COMPOUNDS.

Возможный контакт

It is used as an acute single feeding rodenticide.

Перевозки

UN1714 Zinc phosphide, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material, 6.1-Poisono us materials.

Несовместимости

Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Heat and contact with water causes decomposition, producing toxic and flammable fumes of phosphorus, zinc oxides; and toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Reacts violently with strong acids, including nitric, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid with the evolution of spontaneously flammable phosphine gas. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact can cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases. carbon dioxide, halogenated agents.

Утилизация отходов

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Vanadium pentoxide may be salvaged or disposed of in a sanitary landfill.