Транс-1,2-дихлорэтилен

Химические свойства

colourless liquid

Физические свойства

Colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet, pleasant odor. Odor threshold concentration is 17 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).

Использование

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene is used in the preparation of solvents and in chemical mixtures. It also acts as a synthetic agent and active constituent of perfumes. Further, it is used for electronics cleaning, precision cleaning and metal cleaning activities.

Общее описание

Clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point 43°F.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. Oxidizes in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE reacts with alkalis, difluoromethylene, dihypofluorite, and nitrogen tetraoxide. Contact with solid alkalis or their concentrated solutions will cause formation of chloroacetylene, which ignites in air. Avoid contact with copper and copper alloys. Corrosive to metals unless an inhibitor has been added. Oxidation in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or a free radical initiator gives chloroacetyl chloride via epoxide intermediates. Incompatible with organic peroxides .

Пожароопасность

TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is flammable.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mddly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: sleep, hallucinations, and distorted perceptions. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Exposure to high vapor concentration can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremor, and cramps. Recovery is usually prompt following removal from exposure. Dermatitis may result from defatting action on skin. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidtzers. Moderate explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to flame. Violent reaction with difluoromethylene dihypofluorite. Forms shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide. Reaction with solid caustic alkahes or their concentrated solutions produces chloracetylene gas that ignites spontaneously in air. Reacts violently with N2O4, KOH, Na, NaOH. Moderate explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to flame. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water spray, foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLORIDES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC; and ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS.

Возможный контакт

Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). 1,2-Dichloroethylene is used as a solvent for waxes, resins, and acetylcellulose. It is also used in the extraction of rubber, as a refrigerant; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls; and in the extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat.

Экологическая судьба

Soil. In a methanogenic aquifer material, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene biodegraded to vinyl chloride (Wilson et al., 1986). Under anoxic conditions trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, when subjected to indigenous microbes in uncontaminated sediments, degraded to vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al., 1986). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene showed slow to moderate degradation concomitant with the rate of volatilization in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 95 and 93, respectively. The amount lost due to volatilization was 26 to 33% after 10 d (Tabak et al., 1981).
Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 10-d BOD value of 0.05 g/g which is 7.6% of the ThOD value of 0.66 g/g.
Photolytic. Carbon monoxide, formic and hydrochloric acids were reported to be photooxidation products (Gay et al., 1976).

Перевозки

UN1150 Dichloroethylene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Методы очистки

Dry it with MgSO4, and fractionally distil it under CO2. Fractional crystallisation at low temperatures has also been used. [Beilstein 1 IV 709.]

Несовместимости

May form explosive mixture with air. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Gradual decomposition results in hydrochloric acid formation in the presence of ultraviolet light or upon contact with hot metal or other hot surfaces. Reacts with strong bases; potassium hydroxide; difluoromethylene, dihypofluoride, nitrogen tetroxide (explosive); or copper (and its alloys) producing toxic chloroacetylene which is spontaneously flammable on contact with air. Attacks some plastics and coatings.

Утилизация отходов

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.