1,2-ДИХЛОРЭТИЛЕН

Описание

Acetylene dichloride is a colourless liquid (usually a mixture of the cis and trans isomers) with a slightly acrid, chloroform-like odour. Acetylene dichloride is a chemical used mainly in the production of perfumes, dyes, and thermoplastics. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. It is incompatible with strong oxidisers, strong alkalis, potassium hydroxide, and copper. Acetylene dichloride is highly flammable and in a fire gives off irritating or toxic fumes/gases. (Acetylene dichloride usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerisation.)

Химические свойства

1,2-Dichloroethylene exists in three isomers, sym-, cis-60% and trans-40%. There are variations in toxicity between these two forms. At room temperature, these chemicals are colorless liquids with a slightly acrid, ethereal odor. The Odor Threshold in air is 17 ppm. sym-isomer:

Использование

1,2-Dichloroethylene is used as a solvent for organic materials and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chlorinated compounds; it may be produced by the chlorination of acetylene but is often produced as a by-product in the manufacture of other chlorinated compounds.

Общее описание

A clear colorless liquid with ether-like odor. Mixture of cis and trans isomers. Flashpoint 36 - 43° F. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is sensitive to air, light and moisture. Heat contributes to instability. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE reacts violently with sodium, sodium hydroxide, copper and copper alloys. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE can react with caustic alkynes or their concentrated solutions. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE forms explosive mixtures with N2O4. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is corrosive to metals. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.

Угроза здоровью

Inhalation causes nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremor, epigastric cramps, central nervous depression. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion causes slight depression to deep narcosis.

Химическая реактивность

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Will not occur under ordinary conditions of shipment. The reaction is not vigorous; Inhibitor of Polymerization: None used.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-. See also ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS, and CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC .

Возможный контакт

Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). 1,2-Dichloroethylene is used as a solvent for waxes, resins, and acetylcellulose. It is also used in the extraction of rubber, as a refrigerant; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls; and in the extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat.

Канцерогенность

In genotoxic assays the cis isomer induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells after intraperitoneal injections.7 Neither isomer was mutagenic in bacterial assays, nor did they produce chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells in vitro.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for 1,2- dichloroethylene is 200ppm (793mg/m3).

Перевозки

UN1150 Dichloroethylene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Методы очистки

Shake it successively with conc H2SO4, water, aqueous NaHCO3 and water. Dry it with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it to separate the cis-and trans-isomers. [Beilstein 1 IV 707-709.]

Несовместимости

May form explosive mixture with air. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Gradual decomposition results in hydrochloric acid formation in the presence of ultraviolet light or upon contact with hot metal or other hot surfaces. Reacts with strong bases; potassium hydroxide; difluoromethylene, dihypofluoride, nitrogen tetroxide (explosive); or copper (and its alloys) producing toxic chloroacetylene which is spontaneously flammable on contact with air. Attacks some plastics and coatings.

Утилизация отходов

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.