Фторборная кислота

Химические свойства

Fluoboric acid is a colourless liquid, completely solvable in water. Fluoboric acid is a stable chemical substance and extremely reactive or incompatible with strong bases, cyanides. It is very corrosive in the presence of steel, aluminium, zinc, and copper and highly corrosive in the presence of glass and stainless steel.

Использование

Tetrafluoroboric acid is used in conjunction with various methods of cleaning and treat the surface of substrates. It is used as radiotracers.

Общее описание

A colorless odorless poisonous liquid. Boiling point 130°C. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Fluoroboric acid is used in electroplating, metal cleaning and making diazo salts.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Soluble in water with release of heat.

Профиль реактивности

Fluoroboric acid is a strong acid. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides). These reactions can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces. Dissolution in water or the dilution of a concentrated aqueous solution may generate significant heat. Reacts with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. Can initiate the polymerization of certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Generates flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents. Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. May catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Attempted drying of the acid with acetic anhydride caused an explosion at 0°C [J. Organomet. Chem., 1975, 94, 319].

Опасность

Highly toxic, corrosive, irritant.

Угроза здоровью

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Пожароопасность

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

Профиль безопасности

A corrosive acid. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of B and F-.

Возможный контакт

Used as a catalyst for acetal synthesis and cellulose esters; a metal surface cleaning agent; an alu minum electrolytic finishing agent; a stripping solution for the removal of solder and plated metals; and an intermedi ate in making fluoroborate salt.

Перевозки

UN1775 Fluoroboric acid, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Методы очистки

Crystallise fluoroboric acid several times from conductivity water. It can be stored in a glass vessel at room temperature. [Kwasnik in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 221-222 1963.]

Несовместимости

A strong acid. Reacts violently with chemically active metals; strong bases, releasing flammable hydrogen gas.