Пирацетам

Описание

Piracetam is a nootropic agent with an indication as adjunctive treatment for myoclonus of cortical origin, as well as tardive dyskinesia. However, piracetam is not approved by the FDA for any medical use in the USA. Piracetam should not be prescribed in patients with Huntington disease, those with serious kidney problems, or patients who have experienced a brain haemorrhage. Bleeding problems are a further caution to be taken into account. Although there is little evidence for piracetam’s efficacy in terms of long- term benefits for the treatment of mild cognitive impairments, recent studies showed that it is effective in the treatment of cognitive disorders of cerebrovascular and traumatic origins. With regard to piracetam’s behavioural profile, its beneficial effects on lowering depression and anxiety appear to be higher than its positive effects on memory.

Химические свойства

White crystalline powder. Odorless, slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, almost insoluble in ether.

Использование

Piracetam has been used to study crystal structure and physicochemical properties of six co-crystals of piracetam. It has also been used to study its in vitro antioxidant properties.

Использование

Piracetam is most commonly used for breath-holding attacks, seizure disorder (epilepsy), antinauseant, dizziness (vertigo), a learning disorder marked by difficulty reading (dyslexia), nootropic, cortical myoclonus, and a movement disorder often caused by antipsychotic drugs (tardive dyskinesia).

Определение

ChEBI: Piracetam is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid. It is a compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.

Подготовка

Prepared by condensing 2-pyrrolidinone with ethyl chloroacetate in the presence of a metal hydride and then converting the ester into an amide with ammonia.

Биологическая активность

Nootropic that displays cognitive enhancing properties. Proposed to enhance neurotransmission via modulation of ion flux; potentiates Na + influx through AMPA receptors. Facilitates efficiency of cholinergic neurotransmission at muscarinic receptors.

Профиль безопасности

Mildly toxic by ingestion. Whenheated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Метаболизм

The plasma half life of piracetam is approximately 5 hours following oral or intravenous administration. The half life in the cerebrospinal fluid was 8.5 hours. The apparent total body clearance is 80-90 mL/min.

Методы очистки

This typical nootropic (Alzheimer) drug modulates Na flux in AMPA receptors and is purified by recrystallisation from isoPrOH. [Gouilaev & Senning Brain Research Rev 19 180 1994.]