Оксациллин

Описание

Chemically this is 3-methyl-5-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl penicillin. It was synthesized in 1961 and has been extensively used in North America. It is available as an oral solution of 120 mg/5 ml. It usually comes in an injectable formulation of 1 and 2 g. A 10-g injectable formulation is also marketed.

Показания

In terms of the spectrum of antimicrobial action, oxacillin is analogous to benzylpenicillin. However, it combines the resistance to penicillinase with durability in an acidic medium, which allows it to be used not only intramuscularly, but also orally. It is used for infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci that are resistant to benzyl- and phenoxymethylpenicillins (septicemia, pneumonia, abscesses, empyemia, osteomyelitis, infected burns, infected wounds, and others). Synonyms of this drug are cryptocillin, liucipen, optocillin, totocillin, and others.

Определение

ChEBI: A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6.

Антимикробная активность

There is complete cross-resistance and tolerance with other group 3 penicillins. Oxacillin is frequently used to replace methicillin for standardized susceptibility testing to detect resistant staphylococci.

Приобретенная устойчивость

In addition to methicillin-resistant strains producing the low affinity PBP 2a, rare methicillin-susceptible isolates of Staph. aureus display reduced susceptibility to oxacillin, due to incompletely defined chromosomal resistance mechanisms.

Контактные аллергены

Oxacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin of the group M. It is closely related to cloxacillin.

Клиническое использование

Uses are those of group 3 penicillins

Побочные эффекты

There is cross-allergy with other penicillins and reactions are generally typical of the group. Abnormalities of liver function, especially elevation of transaminase levels, may occur, sometimes accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting and eosinophilia. As with benzylpenicillin, neurotoxicity may develop on high dosage in patients with renal failure. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported.