Which foods or plants are rich in Pentadecanoic acid?

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PDA) is a special fatty acid in milk fat and can be used as a biomarker for milk fat consumption. In addition, more and more studies have shown that PDA has a potential role as a protective supplementary nutrient as an essential fatty acid in maintaining human health. Studies have shown that PDA supplementation is negatively correlated with increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and insulin, and shows an insulin-sensitizing effect through activation of the AMPK pathway. PDA can also reduce the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), especially by reducing alanine aminotransferase and proinflammatory cytokine levels.

Therefore, the presence of PDA may be associated with a healthier physiological state. However, since the amount of endogenously synthesized PDA is insufficient, PDA must be ingested through other routes such as diet or supplementation. Here are some foods and plants rich in PDA:

Foods containing PDA (per 100 g edible portion)

• butter (including: Unsalted butter, Salted butter and Fermented butter, the highest content is 820~880mg)

• Cream (450mg)

• Beef (310~450mg)

• Cheese (natural cheese has a higher content of about 320~390mg, processed cheese is about 290mg)

• Fish (including: Pacific saury, Mackerel and Ayu sweetfish, etc., about 160mg)

• Ice cream (110mg)

• Palm oil (82mg)

• Butterscotch (69mg)

• Pork, sausage (68mg)

• White chocolate (66mg)

• . . .

Plants containing PDA include:

• Acacia lenticularis

• Acacia pennata

• Acacia planifrons

• Acacia polyacantha

• Actinoscirpus grossus

• Allamanda cathartica

• Anoectochilus roxburghii

• Clinopodium graveolens

• Entada rheedii

• Geranium robertianum

• Hewittia malabarica

• Iphigenia stellata

• Juniperus rigida

• Launaea fallax

• Lepidium latifolium

• Quercus leucotrichophora

• Rauvolfia canescens

• Sambucus wightiana

• Stroemia tetrandra

• . . .

References:

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