2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine: properties and applications

General Description

2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is a versatile compound with a distinct odor and flavor resembling roasted peanuts or coffee. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a high boiling point, making it useful in applications that require elevated temperatures. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is an important intermediate for the synthesis of drugs and compounds, particularly in the production of pyrazinamide for tuberculosis treatment. It is also utilized in fragrance production, adding depth and complexity to perfumes and personal care products. Furthermore, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine has demonstrated potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and various microorganisms. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and evaluate its safety and efficacy. Overall, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine holds promise in various industries and may have future applications in drug development.

Figure 1. 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine

Properties

2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct odor resembling roasted peanuts or coffee. With a molecular formula of C6H8N2, it has a molecular weight of 108.14 g/mol. One of the prominent features of 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is its high boiling point of approximately 212°C. This property makes it suitable for applications that require elevated temperatures. In addition to its olfactory properties, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine has been studied for its potential biological activities. Research suggests that it may possess anticancer and antimicrobial properties, although further investigation is necessary to fully understand its therapeutic potential. Overall, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is a versatile compound with a characteristic odor and flavor. Its high boiling point, solubility characteristics, and aroma make it valuable in the food, fragrance, and tobacco industries. ¹

Applications

Pharmaceutical industry

2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is a crucial intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry, widely used for the synthesis of various drugs and compounds. Its unique properties make it valuable for producing pharmaceutical intermediates. The key application of 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is in the creation of pyrazinamide, an essential component in treating tuberculosis. It combines with other antitubercular drugs to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Additionally, it is utilized in the production of diverse heterocyclic compounds, such as pyrimidines, triazines, and pyrazines, used in developing drugs targeting multiple therapeutic areas. Furthermore, it contributes to the production of fragrance compounds in pharmaceutical formulations, improving the sensory experience and patient satisfaction. Overall, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine's versatility and significance as a pharmaceutical intermediate highlight its importance in drug production, and further exploration may uncover more applications in the future. ²

Fragrance production

2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is widely used in fragrance production due to its distinct roasted or nutty aroma. It adds depth and complexity to fragrances, enhancing their overall olfactory profile. This versatile compound is utilized in various fine fragrances and personal care products, including perfumes, colognes, body sprays, lotions, and soaps. Its ability to blend well with other aromatic ingredients allows perfumers to create unique and enticing scents. When combined with floral, fruity, woody, or spicy compounds, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine provides a smoky or roasted undertone, adding sophistication and complexity. Fragrance compounds derived from 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine are also used in household cleaners, air fresheners, and candles, creating pleasant and comforting atmospheres. Overall, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine is a crucial ingredient in fragrance production, offering unique and captivating scent characteristics that leave a lasting impression on the senses. ³

Biological activities

2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine exhibits promising potential in both anticancer and antimicrobial activities. In terms of its anticancer effects, the compound has shown inhibitory properties against the proliferation and growth of cancer cells. It induces programmed cell death and suppresses angiogenesis, which are crucial processes in tumor development and progression. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine demonstrates broad-spectrum effectiveness against various bacteria and fungi. It effectively inhibits the growth and proliferation of these microorganisms, indicating its potential as an antimicrobial agent. Additionally, it has shown synergistic effects when used in combination with certain antibiotics, enhancing their antimicrobial activity. However, it is important to note that further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action underlying these activities. Additionally, more studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine for therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, these findings suggest that 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine holds promise as a potential candidate for future anticancer and antimicrobial drug development. ⁴

Reference

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3. Gao Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Chen H, Wang S, Sun B. The Enhancement of the Perception of Saltiness by Odorants Selected from Chinese Douchi in Salt Solution. Foods, 2022, 11(15):2260.

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